2019牛客暑期多校训练营（第二场）B Eddy Walker 2(杜教BM)

题目链接：https://ac.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/882/B

 

题目大意：一个人随机走1~k步，问正好走到n点的概率为多少

 

题目思路：难点在于n极大，其dp方程非常基础。

意思就是说能由前k步转移过来，转移过来的概率是

然后就可以用神器杜教BM

发现一定要推入2*k项，少一项都不行

对于n取无穷大的情况，由于每一次的期望是

由等差数列公式化简得到

这是整体的期望，然后根据感性理解(博主能力有限无法正确证明，如果有读者知道怎么证明可以跟博主说说谢谢QAQ)

到无穷远处的概率是期望的倒数，也就是

以下是代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <cassert>
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i,a,n) for (ll i=a;i<n;i++)
#define per(i,a,n) for (ll i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
typedef long long ll;
typedef vector<ll> VI;

typedef pair<ll,ll> PII;
const ll mod=1000000007;
ll powmod(ll a,ll b) {ll res=1;a%=mod; assert(b>=0); for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;}
// head

ll _,n;
namespace linear_seq {
    const ll N=10010;
    ll res[N],base[N],_c[N],_md[N];

    vector<ll> Md;
    void mul(ll *a,ll *b,ll k) {
        rep(i,0,k+k) _c[i]=0;
        rep(i,0,k) if (a[i]) rep(j,0,k) _c[i+j]=(_c[i+j]+a[i]*b[j])%mod;
        for (ll i=k+k-1;i>=k;i--) if (_c[i])
            rep(j,0,SZ(Md)) _c[i-k+Md[j]]=(_c[i-k+Md[j]]-_c[i]*_md[Md[j]])%mod;
        rep(i,0,k) a[i]=_c[i];
    }
    ll solve(ll n,VI a,VI b) { // a 系数 b 初值 b[n+1]=a[0]*b[n]+...
//        printf("%lld\n",SZ(b));
        ll ans=0,pnt=0;
        ll k=SZ(a);
        assert(SZ(a)==SZ(b));
        rep(i,0,k) _md[k-1-i]=-a[i];_md[k]=1;
        Md.clear();
        rep(i,0,k) if (_md[i]!=0) Md.push_back(i);
        rep(i,0,k) res[i]=base[i]=0;
        res[0]=1;
        while ((1ll<<pnt)<=n) pnt++;
        for (ll p=pnt;p>=0;p--) {
            mul(res,res,k);
            if ((n>>p)&1) {
                for (ll i=k-1;i>=0;i--) res[i+1]=res[i];res[0]=0;
                rep(j,0,SZ(Md)) res[Md[j]]=(res[Md[j]]-res[k]*_md[Md[j]])%mod;
            }
        }
        rep(i,0,k) ans=(ans+res[i]*b[i])%mod;
        if (ans<0) ans+=mod;
        return ans;
    }
    VI BM(VI s) {
        VI C(1,1),B(1,1);
        ll L=0,m=1,b=1;
        rep(n,0,SZ(s)) {
            ll d=0;
            rep(i,0,L+1) d=(d+(ll)C[i]*s[n-i])%mod;
            if (d==0) ++m;
            else if (2*L<=n) {
                VI T=C;
                ll c=mod-d*powmod(b,mod-2)%mod;
                while (SZ(C)<SZ(B)+m) C.pb(0);
                rep(i,0,SZ(B)) C[i+m]=(C[i+m]+c*B[i])%mod;
                L=n+1-L; B=T; b=d; m=1;
            } else {
                ll c=mod-d*powmod(b,mod-2)%mod;
                while (SZ(C)<SZ(B)+m) C.pb(0);
                rep(i,0,SZ(B)) C[i+m]=(C[i+m]+c*B[i])%mod;
                ++m;
            }
        }
        return C;
    }
    ll gao(VI a,ll n) {
        VI c=BM(a);
        c.erase(c.begin());
        rep(i,0,SZ(c)) c[i]=(mod-c[i])%mod;
        return solve(n,c,VI(a.begin(),a.begin()+SZ(c)));
    }
};
ll dp[10005];
int main() {
    ll t;
    scanf("%lld",&t);
    ll k;
    ll n;
    while (t--) {
        scanf("%lld%lld",&k,&n);
        ll p=powmod(k,mod-2);
        if(n==-1){
            printf("%lld\n",2ll*powmod(k+1,mod-2)%mod);
            continue;
        }
        vector<ll>v;
        dp[0]=1;
        rep(i,1,11){
            dp[i]=0;
            rep(j,max(0ll,i-k),i){
                dp[i]=(dp[i]+dp[j]*p)%mod;
            }
            v.push_back(dp[i]);
            //cout<<i<<"!!"<<dp[i]<<endl;
        }
        int len=v.size();
        //for(int i=0;i<len;i++)cout<<v[i]<<endl;
        //VI{1,2,4,7,13,24}
        printf("%lld\n",linear_seq::gao(v,n-1));
    }
}