分析
在去哪儿网火车票查询页面,需要用户填写出发站、目的地站、出发时间等信息,然后,点击搜索按钮,
页面通过Ajax获取并显示查询结果数据。
这里用Selenium+PhantomJS模拟这一过程。
通过Selenium加载火车票查询页面,并获取到需要进行数据填充的3个输入框和进行数据提交的搜索按钮;
模拟填充3个输入框数据,模拟点搜索按钮;
从浏览器对象中获取到已经渲染完毕的HTML源码,进行解析,提取火车车次等信息;
将提取到的数据保存到数据库中;
如果有多页数据,就模拟点击下一页,跳到第3步继续进行(通过递归调用HTML解析方法实现)
源码
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
import pymysql
from lxml import etree
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
class TrainTicketSpider(object):
"""
使用Selenium库和PhantomJS浏览器,爬取去哪儿网机票信息
只实现当日单程票查询
"""
def __init__(self):
dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = ("Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36")
self.browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=dcap)
self.connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
user='root',
password='123456',
db='mydb',
charset='utf8', # 不能用utf-8
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
def crawl(self,url):
self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)
self.browser.get(url)
self.browser.save_screenshot('1.png')
# 发车站输入框
fromStation=self.browser.find_element(By.NAME,'fromStation')
# 目的地站输入框
toStation=self.browser.find_element(By.NAME,'toStation')
# 发车日期输入框
date=self.browser.find_element(By.NAME,'date')
# 搜索按钮
btn_search=self.browser.find_element(By.NAME,'stsSearch')
fromStation.clear()
fromStation.send_keys(input('输入发车站>> '))
fromStation.click()
toStation.clear()
toStation.send_keys(input('输入目的地站>> '))
toStation.click()
date.clear()
date.send_keys(input('输入车车日期(格式:2000-01-22)>> '))
date.click()
btn_search.click()
time.sleep(3)
self.browser.save_screenshot('2.png')
self.parse(current_page=1)
def parse(self,current_page):
html=self.browser.page_source
HTML=etree.HTML(html)
# 获取页数
pages=HTML.xpath('//a[@data-pager]/text()')
page_count=len(pages)
# 当前页所有车次的元素列表
li_list=HTML.xpath('//ul[@class="tbody"]/li')
for li in li_list:
# 车次/类型
TRAIN_NUM=li.xpath('.//h3/text()')[0].strip('\n ')
print('正在获取车次>>>',TRAIN_NUM)
# 发站/到站
start_station=li.xpath('.//div[@class="td col2"][1]/p[@class="start"]/span/text()')[0]
end_station=li.xpath('.//div[@class="td col2"][1]/p[@class="end"]/span/text()')[0]
STATION=(start_station+'-'+end_station).strip('\n ')
# 发站时间/到站时间
start_time=li.xpath('.//div[@class="td col2"][2]/time[@class="startime"]/text()')[0]
end_time=li.xpath('.//div[@class="td col2"][2]/time[@class="endtime daytime"]/text()')[0]
TIME=(start_time+'-'+end_time).strip('\n ')
# 运行时间
DURATION=li.xpath('.//time[@class="duration"]/text()')[0].strip('\n ')
# 参考票价
prices=[]
ticket_types=li.xpath('.//p[@class="ticketed"]/text()') # 车票类型列表
ticket_prices=li.xpath('.//span[@class="price"]/text()')# 车票价格列表
for type_price in zip(ticket_types,ticket_prices):
price='{type} {price}¥'.format(type=type_price[0],price=type_price[1])
prices.append(price)
# 剩余票量
nums=[]
ticket_ps=li.xpath('.//div[@class="td col4"]//p')
for ticket_p in ticket_ps:
ticket_num=ticket_p.xpath('./text()')
if not ticket_num:
ticket_num=ticket_p.xpath('./span/text()')
nums.append(ticket_num)
# 车票票价和余票数量一一对应
PRICE_NUMS=''
for i in zip(prices,nums):
price_num="{}{}".format(i[0],i[1][0])
PRICE_NUMS=PRICE_NUMS+price_num+' ,'
PRICE_NUMS=PRICE_NUMS.strip(',')
# 保存到MySQL数据库
self.save(TRAIN_NUM,STATION,TIME,DURATION,PRICE_NUMS)
# 如果有下一页,点击下一页按钮,继续爬取
page_count-=current_page
if page_count:
current_page+=1
a_next=self.browser.find_element(By.XPATH,'//a[@data-pager={page}]'.format(page=current_page))
a_next.click()
time.sleep(3)
# 递归调用解析方法
self.parse(current_page)
else:
print('爬取结束')
# 关闭数据库
self.connection.close()
def save(self,train_num,station,time,duration,price_nums):
"""
保存到MySQL数据库
create table qunaer(
id int not null primary key auto_increment,
train_num varchar(10) not null,
station varchar(30) not null,
time varchar(30) not null,
duration varchar(50) not null,
price_nums varchar(80) not null,
);
"""
with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
sql='INSERT INTO qunaer(train_num,station,time,duration,price_nums) VALUES (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)'
cursor.execute(sql,(train_num,station,time,duration,price_nums))
self.connection.commit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
url='https://train.qunar.com/'
spider=TrainTicketSpider()
spider.crawl(url)
运行结果
/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/brandon/PythonProjects/MySpider/2_动态数据采集/selenium与phantomjs/小案例/去哪儿网机票查询爬虫.py
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/phantomjs/webdriver.py:49: UserWarning: Selenium support for PhantomJS has been deprecated, please use headless versions of Chrome or Firefox instead
warnings.warn('Selenium support for PhantomJS has been deprecated, please use headless '
输入发车站>> 北京
输入目的地站>> 石家庄
输入车车日期(格式:2000-01-22)>> 2015-01-15
正在获取车次>>> K7761
正在获取车次>>> K219
正在获取车次>>> K7725
正在获取车次>>> K599
正在获取车次>>> K7705
正在获取车次>>> G6731
...