GT2440--U-Boot分析（四）

run_command()分析：

int run_command (const char *cmd, int flag)
{
	cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp;
	char cmdbuf[CFG_CBSIZE];	/* working copy of cmd		*/
	char *token;			/* start of token in cmdbuf	*/
	char *sep;			/* end of token (separator) in cmdbuf */
	char finaltoken[CFG_CBSIZE];
	char *str = cmdbuf;
	char *argv[CFG_MAXARGS + 1];	/* NULL terminated	*/
	int argc, inquotes;
	int repeatable = 1;
	int rc = 0;

	clear_ctrlc();		/* forget any previous Control C */
	
	if (!cmd || !*cmd) {
		return -1;	/* empty command */
	}

	if (strlen(cmd) >= CFG_CBSIZE) {
		puts ("## Command too long!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	strcpy (cmdbuf, cmd);
	
	while (*str) {

		/*
		 * Find separator, or string end
		 * Allow simple escape of ';' by writing "\;"
		 */
		for (inquotes = 0, sep = str; *sep; sep++) {
			if ((*sep=='\'') &&
			    (*(sep-1) != '\\'))
				inquotes=!inquotes;

			if (!inquotes &&
			    (*sep == ';') &&	/* separator		*/
			    ( sep != str) &&	/* past string start	*/
			    (*(sep-1) != '\\'))	/* and NOT escaped	*/
				break;
		}

		/*
		 * Limit the token to data between separators
		 */
		token = str;
		if (*sep) {
			str = sep + 1;	/* start of command for next pass */
			*sep = '\0';
		}
		else
			str = sep;	/* no more commands for next pass */

		/* find macros in this token and replace them */
		process_macros (token, finaltoken);

		/* Extract arguments */
		if ((argc = parse_line (finaltoken, argv)) == 0) {
			rc = -1;	/* no command at all */
			continue;
		}

		/* Look up command in command table */
		if ((cmdtp = find_cmd(argv[0])) == NULL) {
			printf ("Unknown command '%s' - try 'help'\n", argv[0]);
			rc = -1;	/* give up after bad command */
			continue;
		}

		/* found - check max args */
		if (argc > cmdtp->maxargs) {
			printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
			rc = -1;
			continue;
		}

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_BOOTD)
		/* avoid "bootd" recursion */
		if (cmdtp->cmd == do_bootd) {
			if (flag & CMD_FLAG_BOOTD) {
				puts ("'bootd' recursion detected\n");
				rc = -1;
				continue;
			} else {
				flag |= CMD_FLAG_BOOTD;
			}
		}		
#endif	/* CFG_CMD_BOOTD */

		/* OK - call function to do the command */
		if ((cmdtp->cmd) (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv) != 0) {
			rc = -1;
		}

		repeatable &= cmdtp->repeatable;

		/* Did the user stop this? */
		if (had_ctrlc ())
			return 0;	/* if stopped then not repeatable */
	}

	return rc ? rc : repeatable;
}

上述代码为删减后的run_command()函数代码并不是很难，且代码中有着较为详细的注释。其中应注意如下两句代码：

if ((cmdtp = find_cmd(argv[0])) == NULL)			/* 在u_boot_com数据段下查询是否有这个指令 */

if ((cmdtp->cmd) (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv) != 0)	 	/* 调用实现该指令的函数 */

下面进行find_cmd()函数的分析，这函数相对较为简短；

cmd_tbl_t *find_cmd (const char *cmd)
{
	cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp;
	cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp_temp = &__u_boot_cmd_start;	/*Init value */
	const char *p;
	int len;
	int n_found = 0;

	/*
	 * Some commands allow length modifiers (like "cp.b");
	 * compare command name only until first dot.
	 */
	len = ((p = strchr(cmd, '.')) == NULL) ? strlen (cmd) : (p - cmd);

	for (cmdtp = &__u_boot_cmd_start;
	     cmdtp != &__u_boot_cmd_end;
	     cmdtp++) {
		if (strncmp (cmd, cmdtp->name, len) == 0) {
			if (len == strlen (cmdtp->name))
				return cmdtp;	/* full match */

			cmdtp_temp = cmdtp;	/* abbreviated command ? */
			n_found++;
		}
	}
	if (n_found == 1) {			/* exactly one match */
		return cmdtp_temp;
	}

	return NULL;	/* not found or ambiguous command */
}

重点留意如下代码：

1、cmd_tbl_t结构体：

struct cmd_tbl_s {
	char		*name;		/* Command Name			*/
	int		maxargs;	/* maximum number of arguments	*/
	int		repeatable;	/* autorepeat allowed?		*/
					/* Implementation function	*/
	int		(*cmd)(struct cmd_tbl_s *, int, int, char *[]);
	char		*usage;		/* Usage message	(short)	*/
#ifdef	CFG_LONGHELP
	char		*help;		/* Help  message	(long)	*/
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
	/* do auto completion on the arguments */
	int		(*complete)(int argc, char *argv[], char last_char, int maxv, char *cmdv[]);
#endif
};

typedef struct cmd_tbl_s	cmd_tbl_t;

2、查询u_boot_cmd数据段的for循环寻找合适的指令

for (cmdtp = &__u_boot_cmd_start;
	     cmdtp != &__u_boot_cmd_end;
	     cmdtp++)

要查询此数据段那则次数据段必须建立一组命令表,通过如下步骤建立这个表：

一、添加结构体定义

U_BOOT_CMD(
	menu,	3,	0,	do_menu,
	"menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n",
	" - display a menu, to select the items to do something"
);

二、此命令的实现函数

int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	menu_shell();
	return 0;
}

其中上面循环中使用到的__u_boot_cmd_start与__u_boot_cmd_end均定义在u_boot.lds连接脚本中；

cmdtp = &__u_boot_cmd_start;	 /* u_boot_cmd数据段的__u_boot_cmd_start地址的内容取出存放至cmdtp中 */

此时进行.u_boot_cmd数据段查询的如下代码：

#define Struct_Section __attribute__ ((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd")))

并得到如下的宏定义：

#define U_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help) \
cmd_tbl_t __u_boot_cmd_##name Struct_Section = {#name, maxargs, rep, cmd, usage, help}

例如增加一个toraloo命令，则上述宏可展开为：

cmd_tbl_t __u_boot_cmd_toraloo Struct_Section = {“toraloo”, 3, 1, do_toraloo, “string 1”, “string 2”};

toraloo命令可仿照menu命令编写如：

U_BOOT_CMD(
	toraloo	3,	1,	do_toraloo,
	"toraloo  - I am toraloo,HAHAHA.......\n",
	" TORALOO is toraloo,ToraLoo is toraloo"
);
int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i;
	printf(“this is a test! %d\n”,argc);
	for(i=0; i<argc; i++)
　　{
　　	printf(“argv[%d] = %s\n”,i,argv[i]);
　　}
	return 0;
}

再此文件中添加部分头文件，在对/command/makefile下增加cmd_toraloo.o的编译项重新再编译一次u-boot，再将其下载即可看见toraloo这个命令了。

U-boot下的内核启动命令：bootm

输入bootm运行时相当于运行了bootcmd，其将会调度do_bootm()完成命令的功能在do_bootm(...)中再调度do_bootm_linux(....)完成内的内核启动前的设定与硬件参数的设定（如SDRAM地址大小等信息...）最终通过如下两句话实现内核的启动：

theKernel = (void (*)(int, int, uint))ntohl(hdr->ih_ep);
theKernel (0, bd->bi_arch_number, bd->bi_boot_params);

（PS：还有注意一下关于镜像文件头结构体：

typedef struct image_header {
	uint32_t	ih_magic;	/* Image Header Magic Number	*/
	uint32_t	ih_hcrc;	/* Image Header CRC Checksum	*/
	uint32_t	ih_time;	/* Image Creation Timestamp	*/
	uint32_t	ih_size;	/* Image Data Size		*/
	uint32_t	ih_load;	/* Data	 Load  Address		*/
	uint32_t	ih_ep;		/* Entry Point Address		*/
	uint32_t	ih_dcrc;	/* Image Data CRC Checksum	*/
	uint8_t		ih_os;		/* Operating System		*/
	uint8_t		ih_arch;	/* CPU architecture		*/
	uint8_t		ih_type;	/* Image Type			*/
	uint8_t		ih_comp;	/* Compression Type		*/
	uint8_t		ih_name[IH_NMLEN];	/* Image Name		*/
} image_header_t;
这种留意如下三个参数：
	uint32_t	ih_size;	/* Image Data Size		*/
	uint32_t	ih_load;	/* Data	 Load  Address		*/
	uint32_t	ih_ep;		/* Entry Point Address		*/

）