Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name is not supported

    在学习django 2.0开发web应用程序过程中，通过项目基础URL(http://localhost:8000/)返回默认的Django网站。如若我们需要房访问自己建立的网站，就需要通过URL映射自己程序的网页。

    通过添加自身程序代码来进行URL映射过程中，发现程序报错：

  File "F:\编程资料\python\python project\learndjango\learndjango\urls.py", line 21, in <module>
    path('', include('learndjangos.urls', namespace='learndjangos'))
  File "E:\program files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\urls\conf.py", line 39, in include
    'Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name '
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name instead.

    查看django.urls中include函数源码：

"""Functions for use in URLsconfs."""
from functools import partial
from importlib import import_module

from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured

from .resolvers import (
    LocalePrefixPattern, RegexPattern, RoutePattern, URLPattern, URLResolver,
)


def include(arg, namespace=None):
    app_name = None
    if isinstance(arg, tuple):
        # Callable returning a namespace hint.
        try:
            urlconf_module, app_name = arg
        except ValueError:
            if namespace:
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                    'Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that '
                    'provides a namespace.'
                )
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                'Passing a %d-tuple to include() is not supported. Pass a '
                '2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name, and '
                'provide the namespace argument to include() instead.' % len(arg)
            )
    else:
        # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace.
        urlconf_module = arg

    if isinstance(urlconf_module, str):
        urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
    app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, 'app_name', app_name)
    if namespace and not app_name:
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(
            'Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name '
            'is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included '
            'module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and '
            'app_name instead.',
        )
    namespace = namespace or app_name
    # Make sure the patterns can be iterated through (without this, some
    # testcases will break).
    if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
        for url_pattern in patterns:
            pattern = getattr(url_pattern, 'pattern', None)
            if isinstance(pattern, LocalePrefixPattern):
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                    'Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed.'
                )
    return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)


def _path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None, Pattern=None):
    if isinstance(view, (list, tuple)):
        # For include(...) processing.
        pattern = Pattern(route, is_endpoint=False)
        urlconf_module, app_name, namespace = view
        return URLResolver(
            pattern,
            urlconf_module,
            kwargs,
            app_name=app_name,
            namespace=namespace,
        )
    elif callable(view):
        pattern = Pattern(route, name=name, is_endpoint=True)
        return URLPattern(pattern, view, kwargs, name)
    else:
        raise TypeError('view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().')


path = partial(_path, Pattern=RoutePattern)
re_path = partial(_path, Pattern=RegexPattern)

    发现在Django 2.0中，django.urls中include函数第一个参数传入的是tuple类型，其中一个是参数是app_name，且app_name需赋值。我们修改程序：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'', include(('learndjangos.urls', 'learndjangos'), namespace='learndjangos'))
]

    在views.py中代码如下：

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    return render(request, 'learndjangos/index.html')

    经过测试，访问http://localhost:8000，页面顺利打开。