基础 Bash命令 | Bash与Python脚本编程（英文）

Bash In Linux

Command Line Shell

A. Files and Directories

1. new directory: mkdir {mynewdir}

2. go to directory: cd {mynewdir}

3. show present working directory: pwd

4. delete empty directory: rmdir {mynewdir}

5. current directory: .

6. parent directory: ..

7. create file: touch {new.txt}

8. copy file: cp {../my.txt} {.}, cp {my.txt} {my2.txt}

9. move/rename file: mv {my.txt} {empty.txt}

10. delete file: rm *, rm *.txt, rm {empty.txt}

11. change permissions: chmod {+x} {test.py}

12. change owner: chown {user} {filename} chown {user1} {test.py}

13. change group: chgrp {group} {filename} chgrp {user1} {test.py}

14. list entires in directory: ls, ls {mynewdir}

    Add arguments (can join multiple, e.g. -la ):

    • list all (inc. hidden) files -a
    • list directory entries only -d
    • human-readable format -h
    • print index number -i
    • long listing format -l
    • sort in reverse order -r
    • print size -s
    • sort by size -S
    • sort by modification time -t
    • list entries by lines -x
    • sort alphabetically by extension -X

    {permission} {no. of inodes} {owner} {group} {size} {date of mod} {filename}

    -rwxrwxrwx 1 user1 user1 107 Jul 29 22:01 test.py

B. File Operations

1. show content in std output: cat {new.txt}

2. write file: nano/vim etc. {filename} nano {new.txt}

3. count no. of characters, words, lines: wc {new.txt}

4. text type: file {test.py}

   test.py: ASCII text, with no line terminators

5. print first 10 lines: head {new.txt}

6. print last 10 lines: tail {new.txt}

7. translate: tr {' '} {'\n'}

8. sort: sort (alphabetically), sort {-nr} (numerically reversed)

9. terminal paging program (scroll through contents): less (quit with q)

10. Extract parts each line (by separator after -d) and print the field (of no. after -f): cut -d{' '}, -f{1-} {new.txt} (field counts from 1) (1-: from 1 onwards)

C. Additional Commands

1. show manual of a command: man {echo} (quit with q)
2. print to std output: echo {Hello}, echo {"Hello"}
3. globally search for regular expression and print out: grep {true}
4. current date: date
5. list of logged in users: who
6. computer running duration: uptime
7. unused memory: free

D. Redirect I/O Streams

1. redirect std output to new file or overwrite: >

   • {./hello.py} > {hello.txt}, {python hello.py} > {hello.txt}

2. redirect std output to new file or append: >>