[006]Python的函数_装饰器_全栈基础

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python的装饰器
定义：在不修改原函数及其调用方式的情况下对原函数功能进行扩展，             它的返回值也是一个函数，这个函数是内嵌“原“”函数的函数。
装饰器的本质：一个闭包函数的自我进化
用法	栗子	结果
问题 计算函数运行时间	import time def deco(func):     start_time = time.time()     func()     end_time = time.time()     execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000     print('time is %d ms' % execution_time) def f1():     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("world") deco(f1)	Hello world time is 203 ms
装饰器实现 计算函数运行时间	import time def deco(func):     def wrapper():         start_time = time.time()         func()         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)     return wrapper @deco def f1():     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("world") f1()	Hello world time is 203 ms
带固定参数函数的装饰器	import time def deco(func):     def wrapper(a, b):         start_time = time.time()         func(a, b)         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)     return wrapper @deco  # ==> f1 = deco(f1) def f1(a, b):     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b)) f1(3, 5)	Hello result is 8 time is 203 ms
无固定参数函数的装饰器	import time def deco(func):     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):         start_time = time.time()         func(*args, **kwargs)         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)     return wrapper @deco def f1(a, b):     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b)) @deco def f2(a, b, c):     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b+c)) f1(3, 5) f2(3, 6, 9)	Hello result is 8 time is 203 ms Hello result is 18 time is 203 ms
查看函数信息的方法	import time def deco(func):     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):         start_time = time.time()         func(*args, **kwargs)         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)     return wrapper @deco def f1(a, b):     """ 没有感情的注释 """     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b)) f1(3, 5) print(f1.__doc__) print(f1.__name__)	Hello result is 8 time is 207 ms None wrapper
避免 查看函数信息的方法失效	import time from functools import wraps def deco(func):     @wraps(func)     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):         start_time = time.time()         func(*args, **kwargs)         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)     return wrapper @deco def f1(a, b):     """ 没有感情的注释 """     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b)) f1(3, 5) print(f1.__doc__) print(f1.__name__)	Hello result is 8 time is 203 ms  没有感情的注释 f1
带返回值的装饰器	import time from functools import wraps def deco(func):     @wraps(func)     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):         start_time = time.time()         re = func(*args, **kwargs)         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)         return re     return wrapper @deco def f1(a, b):     """ 没有感情的注释 """     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b))     return 'world' print(f1(6, 12)) print(f1.__doc__) print(f1.__name__)	Hello result is 18 time is 203 ms world  没有感情的注释 f1
多个装饰器装饰1个函数	import time from functools import wraps def deco1(func):     @wraps(func)     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):         print('This is deco1')         start_time = time.time()         re = func(*args, **kwargs)         end_time = time.time()         execution_time = (end_time - start_time)*1000         print('time is %d ms' % execution_time)         print('deco1 end')         return re     return wrapper def deco2(func):     @wraps(func)     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):         print('This is deco2')         re = func(*args, **kwargs)         print("deco2  end")         return re     return wrapper @deco1 @deco2 def f1(a, b):     """ 没有感情的注释 """     print('Hello')     time.sleep(0.2)     print("result is %d" % (a+b))     return 'world' print(f1(6, 12)) print(f1.__doc__) print(f1.__name__)	多个装饰器的情况下 f(6, 12) = deco1(deco2(f(6, 12))) This is deco1 This is deco2 Hello result is 18 deco2  end time is 203 ms deco1 end world  没有感情的注释 f1
带参数的装饰器 方便的控制装饰器的开或闭	a = True def outer(flag):     def timer(func):           def inner(*args, **kwargs):             if flag:                 print('执行函数前添加的功能代码')             re = func(*args, **kwargs)             if flag:                 print('执行函数后添加的功能代码')             return re         return inner     return timer @outer(a) def func(x, y):     b = x + y     print('x+y的值是：%d' % b)     return 8 print(func(3, 4))	执行函数前添加的功能代码 x+y的值是：7 执行函数后添加的功能代码 8

 

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