C语言 输出、输入格式控制、字符串输入和重定位

输入格式控制

输入格式：printf( % [flag] type)

• type

 scanf("%i",&a);  		//030
 printf("a=%d\n",a);  		//a=24
  char s[100]={0};
 scanf("%[^/]",s);		//hello word/
 printf("%s",s);		//hello word

• [flag]

scanf("%*d%d",&b);  	//1 2
printf("%d",b);   	//2
scanf("%5s",s);  	//abcdefgh
printf("%s",s);   	//abcde

输出格式控制

输出格式：printf( % [flag] [width] [precision] [hIL] type)

• type

 printf("%d\n",-1);		//-1
 printf("%u\n",1);		//1
 printf("%o\n",8);		//10
 printf("%x\n",10);		//a
 printf("%X\n",10);		//A
 printf("%f\n",1.1223);		//1.122300
 printf("%e\n",1223);		//1
 printf("%c\n",'r');		//r
 printf("%s\n","hello");	//hello
 int a;
 printf("%p\n",&a);		//000000000062FE1C

• [hIL]修饰符

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 printf("sizeof(char)=%ld\n",sizeof(char));			//sizeof(char)=1 		=>256
 printf("sizeof(short)=%ld\n",sizeof(short));			//sizeof(short)=2 		=>65536
 printf("sizeof(int)=%ld\n",sizeof(int));			//sizeof(int)=4 		=>4294967296
 printf("sizeof(long)=%ld\n",sizeof(long));			//sizeof(long)=4 		=>4294967296
 printf("sizeof(long long)=%ld\n",sizeof(long long));		//sizeof(long long)=8 		=>18446744073709551616
 printf("sizeof(long double)=%ld\n",sizeof(long double));	//sizeof(long double)=16 	=>3.4e+38
 //hh=>(short)
 printf("hh\n");
 printf("256=%hhd\n",256);
 printf("65536=%hhd\n",65536);
 printf("4294967296=%hhd\n",4294967296);
 printf("18446744073709551616=%hhd\n",18446744073709551616);//[Warning] integer constant is too large for its type
 printf("\n");
 //h=>(short)
 printf("h\n");
 printf("256=%hd\n",256);
 printf("65536=%hd\n",65536);
 printf("4294967296=%hd\n",4294967296);
 printf("18446744073709551616=%hd\n",18446744073709551616);//[Warning] integer constant is too large for its type
 printf("\n");
 //l=>()
 printf("l\n");
 printf("256=%ld\n",256);
 printf("65536=%ld\n",65536);
 printf("4294967296=%ld\n",4294967296);
 printf("18446744073709551616=%ld\n",18446744073709551616);//[Warning] integer constant is too large for its type
 printf("\n");
 //ll=>()
 printf("ll\n");
 printf("256=%lld\n",256);
 printf("65536=%lld\n",65536);
 printf("4294967296=%lld\n",4294967296);
 printf("18446744073709551616=%lld\n",18446744073709551616);//[Warning] integer constant is too large for its type
 printf("\n");
 //L=>()
 printf("L\n");
 printf("256=%Ld\n",256);
 printf("65536=%Ld\n",65536);
 printf("4294967296=%Ld\n",4294967296);
 printf("18446744073709551616=%Ld\n",18446744073709551616);//[Warning] integer constant is too large for its type
 return 0;
}

测试结果：
(测试环境：Dev C++ 5.11 , 64位编译器）

sizeof(char)=1
sizeof(short)=2
sizeof(int)=4
sizeof(long)=4
sizeof(long long)=8
sizeof(long double)=16
hh=>short
256=256
65536=0
4294967296=0
18446744073709551616=0
h=>short
256=256
65536=0
4294967296=0
18446744073709551616=0
l=>long
256=256
65536=65536
4294967296=0
18446744073709551616=0
ll=>long long
256=256
65536=65536
4294967296=4294967296
18446744073709551616=0
L=>long
256=256
65536=65536
4294967296=0
18446744073709551616=0

• [precision]小数精度

 printf("%.2f\n",10.123456);//10.12
 printf("%.*f\n",3,10.123456);//10.123
 int n=5;
 printf("%.*f\n",n,10.123456);//10.12346

• [width]输出字节长度

 printf("%6d\n",1);	//     1
 printf("%*d\n",9,1);	//        1

• [flag]标志符

 printf("%6d\n",1);	//     1
 printf("%-6d\n",1);	//1
 printf("%+d\n",1);	//+1
 printf("%09d\n",1);	//000000001

字符输入

scanf

scanf("%c",&c);
printf("%c\n",c);
//6
//6

getchar

• getchar函数原型：int getchar (void)
• putchar函数原型：int putchar(int c)

getchar 将shell输入按字符读入，同时返回字符对应数值
putchar（a) 将a按字符输出，同时返回a

 int a=getchar(); 	//1 
 int b=putchar(a);  	//1
 printf("\n");
 printf("a=%d\n",a);  	//a=49
 printf("b=%d",b);  	//b=49

字符串输入

scanf

• 输入以 空格 或者 回车 结束，空格回车留在缓冲区

char str1[1000]="\0";
scanf("%s",str1);
printf("%s",str1);
//123
//123

//123 456
//123

• 以指定字符结束

char str1[1000]="\0";
scanf("%[^'5']",str1);
printf("%s",str1);
//123 456
//123 4

gets

• 以 回车 结束

char str1[3]="\0";
gets(str1);
printf("%s",str1);
//123 456
//123 456

windows cmd命令行重定位

输出重定位 test.c>b.txt

源文件

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int a;
 scanf("%d",&a);
 printf("%d",a); 
 return 0;
}

cmd 命令行操作

C:\Users\gaope\Documents\CodeBlock\Practice>test.exe>b.txt
1594862

b.txt内容

1594862

输入重定位 test.exe<b.txt

源代码

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int a;
 scanf("%d",&a);
 printf("%d",a); 
 return 0;
}

b.txt 内容

1594862

cmd命令行操作

C:\Users\gaope\Documents\CodeBlock\Practice>test.exe<b.txt
1594862