MongoDB 是一个可扩展的、高性能的、开源的NoSQL数据库,跟传统的数据库不一样,MongoDB并不是将数据存储在表中,他将数据结构化为一个类似于JSON 的文档中。这篇文章就是展示如何使用Java基于MongoDB和Spring Data创建一个CRUD应用。
Spring Data for MongoDB
Spring Data for MongoDB提供了一个类似于基于Sping编程模型的NoSQL数据存储。Spring Data for MongoDB提供了很多特性,它使很多MongoDB的Java开发者解放了很多。MongoTemplate helper类支持通用的Mongo操作。它整合了文档和POJO之间的对象映射。通常,他会转换数据库访问异常到Spring中的异常结构。使用起来非 常的方便。
你可以点击这里下载。
五步安装MongoDB
最清楚的安装步骤当然是MongoDB官方的安装说明了。安装说明。
- 从这里下载 最新的MongoDB。
- 解压到指定目录(这也算一步...)
- MongoDB需要一个存储文件的地方,Windows下默认的路径是C:\data\db。但是我们可以指定。例如我指定下面的路径
1
<strong>C:\mongodb\data\db</strong>
- 到C:\mongodb\bin 文件夹下执行如下命令。
1
C:\mongodb\bin\mongod.exe –dbpath C:\mongodb\data\db
如果你的路径包含空格,请使用双引号引起来。
- 到C:\mongodb\bin文件夹下,执行mongo.exe。默认的,mongo脚本将会监听localhost的27017端口。如果想将MongoDB作为windows的服务运行,点击这里。
到这里MongoDB的安装就完成了,接下来使用java搞CRUD。
五步使用Spring Data创建一个应用。
- 使用@Document注解指明一个领域对象将被持久化到MongoDB中。@Id注解identifies。
01
package
com.orangeslate.naturestore.domain;
02
03
import
org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
04
import
org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
05
06
@Document
07
public
class
Tree {
08
09
@Id
10
private
String id;
11
12
private
String name;
13
14
private
String category;
15
16
private
int
age;
17
18
public
Tree(String id, String name,
int
age) {
19
this
.id = id;
20
this
.name = name;
21
this
.age = age;
22
}
23
24
public
String getId() {
25
return
id;
26
}
27
28
public
void
setId(String id) {
29
this
.id = id;
30
}
31
32
public
String getName() {
33
return
name;
34
}
35
36
public
void
setName(String name) {
37
this
.name = name;
38
}
39
40
public
String getCategory() {
41
return
category;
42
}
43
44
public
void
setCategory(String category) {
45
this
.category = category;
46
}
47
48
public
int
getAge() {
49
return
age;
50
}
51
52
public
void
setAge(
int
age) {
53
this
.age = age;
54
}
55
56
@Override
57
public
String toString() {
58
return
"Person [id="
+ id +
", name="
+ name +
", age="
+ age
59
+
", category="
+ category +
"]"
;
60
}
61
}
- 创建一个简单的接口。创建一个简单的接口,这个接口带有CRUD方法。这里我还带有createCollection方法和dropCollection方法。
01
package
com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository;
02
03
import
java.util.List;
04
05
import
com.mongodb.WriteResult;
06
07
public
interface
Repository<T> {
08
09
public
List<T> getAllObjects();
10
11
public
void
saveObject(T object);
12
13
public
T getObject(String id);
14
15
public
WriteResult updateObject(String id, String name);
16
17
public
void
deleteObject(String id);
18
19
public
void
createCollection();
20
21
public
void
dropCollection();
22
}
- 创建一个指定的领域对象CRUD的实现。
01
package
com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository;
02
03
import
java.util.List;
04
05
import
org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
06
import
org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;
07
import
org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;
08
import
org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update;
09
10
import
com.mongodb.WriteResult;
11
import
com.orangeslate.naturestore.domain.Tree;
12
13
public
class
NatureRepositoryImpl
implements
Repository<Tree> {
14
15
MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
16
17
public
void
setMongoTemplate(MongoTemplate mongoTemplate) {
18
this
.mongoTemplate = mongoTemplate;
19
}
20
21
/**
22
* Get all trees.
23
*/
24
public
List<Tree> getAllObjects() {
25
return
mongoTemplate.findAll(Tree.
class
);
26
}
27
28
/**
29
* Saves a {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" class="referer" target="_blank">@link</a> Tree}.
30
*/
31
public
void
saveObject(Tree tree) {
32
mongoTemplate.insert(tree);
33
}
34
35
/**
36
* Gets a {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" class="referer" target="_blank">@link</a> Tree} for a particular id.
37
*/
38
public
Tree getObject(String id) {
39
return
mongoTemplate.findOne(
new
Query(Criteria.where(
"id"
).is(id)),
40
Tree.
class
);
41
}
42
43
/**
44
* Updates a {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" class="referer" target="_blank">@link</a> Tree} name for a particular id.
45
*/
46
public
WriteResult updateObject(String id, String name) {
47
return
mongoTemplate.updateFirst(
48
new
Query(Criteria.where(
"id"
).is(id)),
49
Update.update(
"name"
, name), Tree.
class
);
50
}
51
52
/**
53
* Delete a {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" class="referer" target="_blank">@link</a> Tree} for a particular id.
54
*/
55
public
void
deleteObject(String id) {
56
mongoTemplate
57
.remove(
new
Query(Criteria.where(
"id"
).is(id)), Tree.
class
);
58
}
59
60
/**
61
* Create a {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" class="referer" target="_blank">@link</a> Tree} collection if the collection does not already
62
* exists
63
*/
64
public
void
createCollection() {
65
if
(!mongoTemplate.collectionExists(Tree.
class
)) {
66
mongoTemplate.createCollection(Tree.
class
);
67
}
68
}
69
70
/**
71
* Drops the {<a href="http://my.oschina.net/link1212" class="referer" target="_blank">@link</a> Tree} collection if the collection does already exists
72
*/
73
public
void
dropCollection() {
74
if
(mongoTemplate.collectionExists(Tree.
class
)) {
75
mongoTemplate.dropCollection(Tree.
class
);
76
}
77
}
78
}
- 创建Spring context。将所有spring beans和mongodb对象都声明在Spring context文件中,这里创建的是applicationContext.xml文件。注意到我们并没有创建一个叫做"nature"的数据库。在第一 次存储数据的时候MongoDB将会为我们创建这个数据库。
01
<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"UTF-8"
?>
02
<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
03
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
04
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
05
06
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
07
08
09
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10
11
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
12
13
<
bean
id
=
"natureRepository"
14
class
=
"com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository.NatureRepositoryImpl"
>
15
<
property
name
=
"mongoTemplate"
ref
=
"mongoTemplate"
/>
16
</
bean
>
17
18
<
bean
id
=
"mongoTemplate"
class
=
"org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate"
>
19
<
constructor-arg
name
=
"mongo"
ref
=
"mongo"
/>
20
<
constructor-arg
name
=
"databaseName"
value
=
"nature"
/>
21
</
bean
>
22
23
<!-- Factory bean that creates the Mongo instance -->
24
<
bean
id
=
"mongo"
class
=
"org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoFactoryBean"
>
25
<
property
name
=
"host"
value
=
"localhost"
/>
26
<
property
name
=
"port"
value
=
"27017"
/>
27
</
bean
>
28
29
<!-- Activate annotation configured components -->
30
<
context:annotation-config
/>
31
32
<!-- Scan components for annotations within the configured package -->
33
<
context:component-scan
base-package
=
"com.orangeslate.naturestore"
>
34
<
context:exclude-filter
type
=
"annotation"
35
expression
=
"org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration"
/>
36
</
context:component-scan
>
37
38
</
beans
>
- 创建一个测试类。这里我已经创建了一个测试类,并通过ClassPathXmlApplicationContext来初始化他。
01
package
com.orangeslate.naturestore.test;
02
03
import
org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
04
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
05
06
import
com.orangeslate.naturestore.domain.Tree;
07
import
com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository.NatureRepositoryImpl;
08
import
com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository.Repository;
09
10
public
class
MongoTest {
11
12
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
13
14
ConfigurableApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
15
"classpath:/spring/applicationContext.xml"
);
16
17
Repository repository = context.getBean(NatureRepositoryImpl.
class
);
18
19
// cleanup collection before insertion
20
repository.dropCollection();
21
22
// create collection
23
repository.createCollection();
24
25
repository.saveObject(
new
Tree(
"1"
,
"Apple Tree"
,
10
));
26
27
System.out.println(
"1. "
+ repository.getAllObjects());
28
29
repository.saveObject(
new
Tree(
"2"
,
"Orange Tree"
,
3
));
30
31
System.out.println(
"2. "
+ repository.getAllObjects());
32
33
System.out.println(
"Tree with id 1"
+ repository.getObject(
"1"
));
34
35
repository.updateObject(
"1"
,
"Peach Tree"
);
36
37
System.out.println(
"3. "
+ repository.getAllObjects());
38
39
repository.deleteObject(
"2"
);
40
41
System.out.println(
"4. "
+ repository.getAllObjects());
42
}
43
}
最后,让我们以Java应用程序的方式运行这个示例,我们可以看到如下的输出。第一个方法存储了一个"Apple Tree"。第二个方法存储了一个"Orange Tree"。第三个方法通过id获取一个对象。第四个使用Peach Tree更新对象。最后一个方法删除了第二个对象。
1 | 1. [Person [ id =1, name=Apple Tree, age=10, category=null]] |
2 | 2. [Person [ id =1, name=Apple Tree, age=10, category=null], Person [ id =2, name=Orange Tree, age=3, category=null]] |
3 | Tree with id 1Person [ id =1, name=Apple Tree, age=10, category=null] |
4 | 3. [Person [ id =1, name=Peach Tree, age=10, category=null], Person [ id =2, name=Orange Tree, age=3, category=null]] |
5 | 4. [Person [ id =1, name=Peach Tree, age=10, category=null]] |
注:可以在GitHub上下载到源码 。
OSChina.NET 原创翻译/原文链接 。
http://www.oschina.net/question/82993_61815?from=20120729