C++ string functions

C++ string functions（Ｃ＋＋里面比较常用的ＳＴＲＩＮＧ函数）

strings may be manipulated without using the　standard library. However, the library contains many useful functions for working with both zero-terminated strings and unterminated arrays of char. ＳＴＲＩＮＧ（下面简称ＳＴＲ）　可以被使用在没有标准库的情况下．但是标准库包含了很多比较有用的函数，这些函数可能是可终结ＳＴＲ或者不可终结ＳＴＲ（比如ＡＲＲＡＹ　ＯＦ　ＣＨＡＲ）．　　ＰＳ：事实上ＳＴＲ就是一个ＡＲＲＡＹ，只是一个比较特殊一点的ＡＲＲＡＹ而已． The most commonly used string functions are:（常用ＳＴＲ函数） 以下描述中，ＳＯＵＲＣＥ我表示的是源数据，ＤＥＳＴ表示的是执行目标，ＤＥＳＴ事实上我是简化了ＤＥＳＴＩＮＡＴＩＯＮ（英文中＂目的地＂的意思）．希望大家能容易看懂我写的． strcat(dest, source) - appends the string source to the end of string dest （挂起ＳＴＲ－ＳＯＵＲＣＥ到ＳＴＲ－ＤＥＳＴ的尾部） strchr(s, c) - finds the first instance of character c in string s and returns a pointer to it or a null pointer if c is not found （在ＳＴＲ－Ｓ里面查找第一个字母Ｃ，找到以后回一个指针给它，如果没有找到就不回指针，呵呵，感觉后面是废话．） strcmp(a, b) - compares strings a and b ;returns negative if a is less than b, 0 if equal, positive if greater. （比较ＳＴＲ－Ａ和ＳＴＲ－Ｂ，如果Ａ＜Ｂ就显示负指，如果相等就显示０，Ａ＞Ｂ就显示正数） strcpy(dest, source) - copies the string source to the string dest （复制ＳＯＵＲＣＥ到ＤＥＳＴ） strlen(st) - return the length of string st （一个计算ＳＴＲ－ＳＴ长度的函数） strncat(dest, source, n) - appends a maximum of n characters from the string source to the end of string dest; characters after the null terminator are not copied. （Ｎ代表一个数值，比如５，所以挂起最多５个字符到ＳＴＲ－ＤＥＳＴ，这５个字母来自ＳＴＲ－ＳＯＵＲＣＥ）． strncmp(a, b, n) - compares a maximum of n characters from strings a and b (lexical ordering); returns negative if a is less than b, 0 if equal, positive if greater. （和前面的比较函数ＳＴＲＣＭＰ差不多，只是引进了数值Ｎ代表Ｎ个字符的比较（按字母顺序），比较以后返回数值和ＳＴＲＣＭＰ一样，正数负数和０） strncpy(dest, source, n) - copies a maximum of n characters from the string source to the string dest （和ＳＴＲＣＰＹ类似，复制最多Ｎ个字母从ＳＯＵＲＣＥ到ＤＥＳＴ．） strrchr(s, c) - finds the last instance of character c in string s and returns a pointer to it or a null pointer if c is not found （查找最后一个字母Ｃ在ＳＴＲ－Ｓ里面，返回指针规则和ＳＴＲＣＨＲ函数一样） The less common string functions are:（非常用ＳＴＲ函数） strcoll(s1, s2) - compare two strings according to a locale-specific collating sequence strcspn(s1, s2) - returns the index of the first character in s1 that matches any character in s2 strerror(err) - returns a string with an error message corresponding to the code in err strpbrk(s1, s2) - returns a pointer to the first character in s1 that matches any character in s2 or a null pointer if not found strspn(s1, s2) - returns the index of the first character in s1 that matches no character in s2 strstr(st, subst) - returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the string subst in st or a null pointer if no such substring exists. strtok(s1, s2) - returns a pointer to a token within s1 delimited by the characters in s2. strxfrm(s1, s2, n) - transforms s2 into s1 using locale-specific rules