Spring注解注入示例（@Required,@Autowired,@Qualifier）

Spring注解注入示例

1.@Required注释

@Required 注释应用于 bean 属性的 setter 方法，它表明受影响的 bean 属性在配置时必须放在 XML 配置文件中，否则容器就会抛出一个 BeanInitializationException 异常。

实体类：Student.java

public class Student {
	private Integer age;
	private String name;
	
	@Required
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	@Required
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
}

xml配置：spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>                
   
   <!-- Required  注入 -->
   <bean id="student" class="com.lzl.spring.annotation.Student" >
        <property name="name" value="jack"/>
        <property name="age" value="18"/>
   </bean>
</beans>

测试类：AnnotationTest.java

public class AnnotationTest {
	/**
	 * Required 注入
	 */
	@Test
	public void testRequired(){
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
		Student student=context.getBean("student",Student.class);
        System.out.println("student.name="+student.getName());
        System.out.println("student.age="+student.getAge());
	}
}

2.@Autowired注释

@Autowired注释可以在 setter 方法中被用于自动连接 bean，就像 @Autowired 注释，容器，一个属性或者任意命名的可能带有多个参数的方法。

实体类：Student.java

public class Student {
	private Integer age;
	private String name;
	
	@Required
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	@Required
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
}

XuStudent.java

public class XuStudent {

	private Student student;

	@Autowired
	public XuStudent(Student student) {
		System.out.println("Student初始化......");
		this.student=student;
	}

	@Autowired
	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
	}

	public Student getStudent() {
		return student;
	}

	public void xuStudentSpeak() {
		System.out.println("正在检查拼写.....");
	}

}

xml配置：spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>                
   
   <!-- Autowried 注入  -->
   <bean id="xuStudent" class="com.lzl.spring.annotation.XuStudent" ></bean>
</beans>

测试类：AnnotationTest.java

public class AnnotationTest {

	/**
	 * Autowired 注入
	 */
	@Test
	public void testAutowired(){
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
		XuStudent xStudent=context.getBean("xuStudent",XuStudent.class);
		xStudent.xuStudentSpeak();
	}
}

3.@Qualifier注释

可能会有这样一种情况，当你创建多个具有相同类型的 bean 时，并且想要用一个属性只为它们其中的一个进行装配，在这种情况下，你可以使用 @Qualifier注释和 @Autowired 注释通过指定哪一个真正的 bean 将会被装配来消除混乱。

实体类：Student.java

public class Student {
	private Integer age;
	private String name;
	
	@Required
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	@Required
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}	
}

注入实体类：Profile.java

/**
 * Qualifier & Autowired  结合使用
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class Profile {

	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("student1")
	private Student student;
	public Profile() {
		System.out.println("Inside Profile constructor.");
	}

	public void printAge() {
		System.out.println("Age : " + student.getAge());
	}

	public void printName() {
		System.out.println("Name : " + student.getName());
	}
}

xml配置：spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

  <context:annotation-config/>                 
  
  <bean id="profile" class="com.lzl.spring.annotation.Profile"></bean>
  
  <!-- Qualifier 注入student1 -->
  <bean id="student1" class="com.lzl.spring.annotation.Student">
       <property name="name" value="小明"/>
       <property name="age" value="15"/>
  </bean>
  
  <bean id="student2" class="com.lzl.spring.annotation.Student">
       <property name="name" value="小花"/>
       <property name="age" value="20"/>
  </bean>
</beans>

测试类：AnnotationTest.java

public class AnnotationTest {

	/**
	 * Qualifier 注入
	 */
	@Test
	public void testQualifier(){
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
		Profile profile=(Profile) context.getBean("profile");
		profile.printAge();
		profile.printName();
	}
}