Android ListView 使用及优化方法

ListView是一个很重要的控件，但是使用方法较一般控件麻烦，但是熟能生巧，重在理解。

创建一个listview_relearning活动来作为实例剖析

xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".listview_relearning.ListView_learning">

    <include
        android:id="@+id/include"
        layout="@layout/title" />

    <ListView
        android:layout_marginTop="52dp"
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:divider="#000000"
        android:dividerHeight="1dp"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

xml文件中可直接使用ListView控件，listview 设置分割线可以在这个里面设置.

接下来创建一个xml文件，来作为ListView内容展示，所以在layout文件夹中创建一个xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="55dp"
        android:layout_height="55dp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:textSize="25sp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

接着创建一个实体类，作为ListView适配器的适配类型

public class ListView_Util {

    private String fruitName;
    private int fruitId;

    public String getFruitName() {
        return fruitName;
    }

    public int getFruitImage() {
        return fruitId;
    }

    public ListView_Util(String fruitName, int fruitImage){
        this.fruitName = fruitName;
        this.fruitId = fruitImage;
    }

}

ListView要想正常使用，必须要用适配器，所以创建一个适配器类,下面创建适配器类和ListView优化方法

public class listView_Adapter extends ArrayAdapter<ListView_Util> {

    private int resourId;

    public listView_Adapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, List<ListView_Util> objects) {
        super(context, resource,objects);
        resourId = resource;
    }


    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView,ViewGroup parent) {
        //listview适配器的简单写法，效率低，不建议使用
        /*
        ListView_Util listView_util = getItem(position);
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourId,parent,false);

        ImageView imageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView textView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);

        imageView.setImageResource(listView_util.getFruitImage());
        textView.setText(listView_util.getFruitName());
        return view;*/

        ListView_Util listView_util = getItem(position);
        View view;
        Viewholder viewHolder = new Viewholder();
        if (convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourId,parent,false);
            viewHolder.fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);  //将viewHolder对象存入View中
        }else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (Viewholder)view.getTag();  //重新获取ViewHolder
        }
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(listView_util.getFruitImage());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(listView_util.getFruitName());
        return view;
    }

    class Viewholder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
}

所有准备工作都完成了，接着看我们的ListView_learning活动的.java文件

public class ListView_learning extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<ListView_Util> fruitlist = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_view_learning);

		//隐藏原生系统标题栏
        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
        if (actionBar != null){
            actionBar.hide();
        }

        initFruits();
        listView_Adapter listView_adapter = new listView_Adapter(ListView_learning.this,R.layout.list_item,fruitlist);
        ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.listview);
        listView.setAdapter(listView_adapter);

        //listview的点击事件
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                ListView_Util listView_util = fruitlist.get(i);
                Toast.makeText(ListView_learning.this, listView_util.getFruitName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
            ListView_Util listView_util1 = new ListView_Util("111",R.drawable.hanshikai);
            fruitlist.add(listView_util1);
            ListView_Util listView_util2 = new ListView_Util("2",R.drawable.liuxue);
            fruitlist.add(listView_util2);
        }
    }
}

然后一个LIstView就可以使用了，看着有点乱，但是理清思路就可以记住。首先前提是记住大概方法，然后熟能生巧