安卓Http协议学习（详细）

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-02 19:30:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-02 19:30:00 发布

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分类专栏：笔记 Android java 文章标签： android http 安卓

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/twenty_four_7/article/details/116502424

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HTTP协议

http协议就是超文本传输协议；
协议是约定的意思，内容是http相关的格式；
http协议是基于TCP/IP协议之上的应用层协议

流程：客户端发起请求，服务器端响应请求

1.http的八种请求方式：

get //请求
post //提交
put //更新
delete //删除
head
trace
options
connect

2.http 状态码

	类别	原因短语
1XX	Informational(信息性状态码)	接受的请求正在处理
2XX	Success(成功状态码)	请求正常处理完毕
3XX	Redirection(重定向状态码)	需要进行附加操作以完成请求
4XX	Client Error(客户端错误状态码)	服务器无法处理请求
5XX	Server Error(服务器错误状态码)	服务器处理请求出错

3.基于http协议使用JAVAapi来获取数据

1.创建一个按钮；

2.在.java文件中编写代码；

private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    //java API获取json
    public void loadJson(View view){
        //不能在主线程中运行，必须新开一个线程
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //try-catch捕捉异常
                try {
                    //首先获取一个要获取数据的URL
                    URL url = new URL("https://wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json ");
                    //设置一个连接
                    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
                    //设置连接时间
                    httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
                    //这一步很重要，设置连接方式（有八种连接方式）
                    httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    //设置语言和时区
                    httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    //建立连接
                    httpURLConnection.connect();
                    //结果码
                    int code = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
                    //如果结果码是200，说明正常访问
                    if (code == 200){
                        Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = httpURLConnection.getHeaderFields();
                        Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> entries = headerFields.entrySet();
                        //foreach输出获取到的内容
                        for (Map.Entry<String,List<String>> entry: entries) {
                            Log.d(TAG,entry.getKey()+" == "+entry.getValue());
                        }
                        //使用输入流来读取获取到json文件的内容
                        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        String line = bufferedReader.readLine();
                        Log.d(TAG, "run: "+line);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }

代码详解请看注释

3.处理返回的数据

1.修改主活动xml文件,最上面是按钮，点击后会在下方RecycleView中显示接收到的数据；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="load json!"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:onClick="loadJson" />

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/result_list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

2.设置一个类来处理接收到的json数据,使用插件GsonForMat一键解析；

public class GetTextItem {

    private List<DataDTO> data;
    private Integer errorCode;
    private String errorMsg;
    public static class DataDTO {
        private List<?> children;
        private Integer courseId;
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private Integer order;
        private Integer parentChapterId;
        private Boolean userControlSetTop;
        private Integer visible;
        public List<?> getChildren() {
            return children;
        }
        public void setChildren(List<?> children) {
            this.children = children;
        }
        public Integer getCourseId() {
            return courseId;
        }
        public void setCourseId(Integer courseId) {
            this.courseId = courseId;
        }
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Integer getOrder() {
            return order;
        }
        public void setOrder(Integer order) {
            this.order = order;
        }
        public Integer getParentChapterId() {
            return parentChapterId;
        }
        public void setParentChapterId(Integer parentChapterId) {
            this.parentChapterId = parentChapterId;
        }
        public Boolean getUserControlSetTop() {
            return userControlSetTop;
        }
        public void setUserControlSetTop(Boolean userControlSetTop) {
            this.userControlSetTop = userControlSetTop;
        }
        public Integer getVisible() {
            return visible;
        }
        public void setVisible(Integer visible) {
            this.visible = visible;
        }
    }
    public List<DataDTO> getData() {
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(List<DataDTO> data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public Integer getErrorCode() {
        return errorCode;
    }
    public void setErrorCode(Integer errorCode) {
        this.errorCode = errorCode;
    }
    public String getErrorMsg() {
        return errorMsg;
    }
    public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) {
        this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
    }
}

3.设置RecycleView的数据适配器；

public class GetResultListAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<GetResultListAdapter.InnerHolder> {
    private List<GetTextItem.DataDTO> mdata = new ArrayList<>();
    //设置数据
    public void setData(GetTextItem getTextItem) {
        //调用此方法后先清空，然后再添加数据
        mdata.clear();
        mdata.addAll(getTextItem.getData());
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    public class InnerHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        public InnerHolder(@NonNull  View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
        }
    }

    @Override
    //绑定布局（每个列表的样式布局）
    public InnerHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_get_text, parent, false);
        return new InnerHolder(itemView);
    }

    @Override
    //绑定控件，然后设置TextView
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull GetResultListAdapter.InnerHolder holder, int position) {
        View itemView = holder.itemView;
        //绑定控件
        TextView courseId = itemView.findViewById(R.id.nameid);
        //获取位置
        GetTextItem.DataDTO dataDTO = mdata.get(position);
        //设置值
        courseId.setText(dataDTO.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mdata.size();
    }

}

4.添加一个布局，为每个子项的样式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="90dp"
        android:layout_height="90dp"
        android:background="#03A9F4"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/nameid"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="名字"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:textSize="18sp"/>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            android:layout_marginTop="15dp">
            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="课程id"
                android:textSize="16sp"/>
            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="id"
                android:textSize="18sp"
                android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"/>
        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

5.修改主活动.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private GetResultListAdapter madapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();
    }

    //绑定控件方法
    private void initView() {
        RecyclerView recyclerView = this.findViewById(R.id.result_list);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        //把每个RecycleView设置一个分割线
        recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new RecyclerView.ItemDecoration() {
            @Override
            public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull  Rect outRect, int itemPosition, @NonNull  RecyclerView parent) {
                outRect.top = 5;
                outRect.bottom = 5;
            }
        });
        madapter = new GetResultListAdapter();
        recyclerView.setAdapter(madapter);
    }

    //java API获取json
    public void loadJson(View view){
        //不能在主线程中运行，必须新开一个线程
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //try-catch捕捉异常
                try {
                    //首先获取一个要获取数据的URL
                    URL url = new URL("https://wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json ");
                    //设置一个连接
                    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
                    //设置连接时间
                    httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
                    //这一步很重要，设置连接方式（有八种连接方式）
                    httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    //设置语言和时区
                    httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    //建立连接
                    httpURLConnection.connect();
                    //结果码
                    int code = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
                    //如果结果码是200，说明正常访问
                    if (code == 200){
                        Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = httpURLConnection.getHeaderFields();
                        Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> entries = headerFields.entrySet();
                        //foreach输出获取到的内容
                        for (Map.Entry<String,List<String>> entry: entries) {
                            Log.d(TAG,entry.getKey()+" == "+entry.getValue());
                        }
                        //使用输入流来读取获取到json文件的内容
                        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        String json = bufferedReader.readLine();

                        //Gosn解析json文件
                        Gson gson = new Gson();
                        GetTextItem getTextItem = gson.fromJson(json, GetTextItem.class);
                        //在UI上面显示出来
                        updateUI(getTextItem);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }
    //更新UI不能在子线程里面,只能在UI线程里面更新
        private void updateUI(final GetTextItem getTextItem) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                madapter.setData(getTextItem);
            }
        });
    }
}

最终实现效果：点击按钮后会将从服务器接收到的数据在UI上显示出来

4.api 27之后不能直接访问http协议的解决办法

1.直接在manifest中配置一个文件

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

2.在res/xml文件夹下创建名为network-Security-Config的xml文件

<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>

然后在manifest文件中配置

android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"

5.使用javaAPI请求图片内容

1.创建一个新的活动用来加载图片；

2.在主活动xml文件中添加按钮和图片控件；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".Activity.PicLoadActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="loadPic"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:onClick="LoadPic"
        tools:ignore="OnClick" />

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/result_image"/>

</LinearLayout>

点击按钮，下方显示从服务器拿到的图片

3.在.java文件中编写代码

public class PicLoadActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_pic_load);
    }

    //加载图片的方法，在一个新线程里面操作
    public void LoadPic(View view){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //实例化URL对象时参数是图片的网址
                    URL url = new URL("https://wanandroid.com/resources/image/pc/logo.png");
                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    connection.connect();
                    int response = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if(response == 200){
                        //获取图片输入流
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        //把流转成位图
                        final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
                        //更新UI时必须在主线程内，使用runOnUiThread（）方法进入主线程
                        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.result_image);
                                imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

4.效果图

6.加载大图片处理（面试题）

1.错误处理方法（很常见）

public void LoadPic(View view){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //获取图片资源
               final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.women);
                //在UI 中更新
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.result_image);
                        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    }
                });
            }
        }).start();
    }

会报错，错误信息为图片过大，造成溢出，内存不够，无法正常加载

2.正确处理（重要）

算法：根据控件大小来动态计算inSampleSize的值。获取图片的宽高、控件的宽高，然后将Sample的值设置为两者比值的最小值，这样就可以实现大图片的加载且省内存。

我理解的流程：

1.添加一个Options;

2.将inJustDecodeBounds的值设置为true;

3.默认一个inSampleSize的值；

4.获取图片和控件的宽高；

5.将两者的值作比；

6.将二者较小的设置为inSampleSize的值；

7.解码位图，获取资源；

8.加载图片（imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);）

 //加载图片的方法，在一个新线程里面操作
    public void LoadPic(View view){
        //添加一个options
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        //如果inJustDecoedBounds设置为true的话，解码bitmap时可以只返回其高、宽和Mime类型，而不必为其申请内存，从而节省了内存空间。
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        //找到控件
        ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.result_image);
        //获取图片的宽高
        int height = options.outHeight;
        int width = options.outWidth;
        //先默认一个Sample的值
        options.inSampleSize = 2;
        //获取控件的宽高
        int ImgHeight = imageView.getMeasuredHeight();
        int ImgWidth = imageView.getMeasuredWidth();
        //比较，将sample的值设置为两者比值的最小值
        if(height > ImgHeight || width > ImgWidth){
            int subHeight = height/ImgHeight;
            int subWidth = width/ImgWidth;
            options.inSampleSize = subHeight>subWidth?subWidth:subHeight;
        }
        //将inJustDecodeBounds设为false
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        //解码位图
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.women,options);
        //进行设置
        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
    }

7.post提交文本内容（评论）

我理解的流程：

1.HTTP协议的常规操作；

2.创建一个实体类；

3.创建一个Bytes【】数组，后面输出流写入时候要用；

4.OutputStream输出流;

5.获取状态码，输入流写入；

6.关闭流

2.创建一个活动，在xml文件里添加一个按钮；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".Activity.PostTextActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="post text"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:onClick="PostText"
        tools:ignore="OnClick" />

</LinearLayout>

3.创建一个实体类

public class CommentItem {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public CommentItem(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

4.在主活动.java 文件内编译代码

public void PostText(View view){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                OutputStream outputStream = null;
                InputStream inputStream = null;
                try {
                    //首先是HTTP协议的常规操作
                    URL url = new URL("https://www.wanandroid.com/user/login");
                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(100000);
                    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    //实例化CommentItem类
                    CommentItem commentItem = new CommentItem("123456","112233");
                    //GSON解析
                    Gson gson = new Gson();
                    String jsonStr =  gson.toJson(commentItem);
                    //outputstream流需要写入的时候 要传一个bytes类型的数组
                    byte[] bytes = jsonStr.getBytes("UTF-8");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Content-length",String.valueOf(bytes.length));
                    //建立连接
                    connection.connect();
                    //把数据给到服务器
                    outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
                    //写入输出流
                    outputStream.write(bytes);
                    outputStream.flush();
                    //拿到状态码
                    int responsecode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if(responsecode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
                        //使用输入流来读取内容
                        inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    //最后要关闭流
                    if (outputStream != null) {
                        try {
                            outputStream.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (inputStream != null) {
                        try {
                            inputStream.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

代码详情请看注释

8.URL带参数的请求

1.get方式实现

1.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".Activity.RequestTextActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="get 方式实现带参数的请求"
        android:onClick="GetWith"
        tools:ignore="OnClick" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="post 方式实现带参数的请求"
        android:onClick="PostWith"
        tools:ignore="OnClick" />

</LinearLayout>

2…java文件

public class RequestTextActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static final String BASE_URL = "http://10.0.2.2:9102";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_request_text);
    }

    //get 方式实现带参数的请求
    public void GetWith(View view){
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("key","这是我的关键字");
        map.put("page","页码");
        map.put("order","shunxu");
        startRequest(map,"GET","/get/parm");
    }

    private void startRequest(final Map<String, String> map, String method, final String api) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //拼装参数
                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                    sb.append("?");
                    if (map != null && map.size()>0){
                        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = map.entrySet();
                        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = entries.iterator();
                        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                            Map.Entry<String, String> next = iterator.next();
                            sb.append(next.getKey());
                            sb.append("=");
                            sb.append(next.getValue());
                            if (iterator.hasNext()){
                                sb.append("&");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    String params = sb.toString();
                    URL url;
                    if(params != null && params.length()>0){
                        url = new URL(BASE_URL+ api + params);
                    }else{
                        url = new URL(BASE_URL+api);
                    }
                    HttpURLConnection connection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(100000);
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    connection.connect();
                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if (responseCode == 200){
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        String readLine = bufferedReader.readLine();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

2.post方式

1…java 文件

private void startRequest(final Map<String, String> map, String method, final String api) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //拼装参数
                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                    sb.append("?");
                    if (map != null && map.size()>0){
                        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = map.entrySet();
                        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = entries.iterator();
                        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                            Map.Entry<String, String> next = iterator.next();
                            sb.append(next.getKey());
                            sb.append("=");
                            sb.append(next.getValue());
                            if (iterator.hasNext()){
                                sb.append("&");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    String params = sb.toString();
                    URL url;
                    if(params != null && params.length()>0){
                        url = new URL(BASE_URL+ api + params);
                    }else{
                        url = new URL(BASE_URL+api);
                    }
                    HttpURLConnection connection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(100000);
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    connection.connect();
                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if (responseCode == 200){
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        String readLine = bufferedReader.readLine();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    //post方式 实现带参数的请求
    public void PostWith(View view){
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("String","这是我提交的字符串");
        startRequest(map,"POST","/post/string");
    }

1.创建一个活动，在其xml文件内添加一个按钮:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".Activity.RequestTextActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="post 实现单文件上传"
        android:onClick="PostFile"
        tools:ignore="OnClick" />

</LinearLayout>

2. .java 文件内

public void PostFile(View view){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                OutputStream outputStream = null;
                BufferedInputStream bri = null;
                try {
                    //文件流，参数为文件地址
                    File file = new File("/storage/emulated/0/Download/1.png");
                    String fileKey = "file";
                    String filename = file.getName();
                    String fileType = "image/png";
                    String BOUNDARY = "-----------------------------95454674815313215456";
                    //基操
                    URL url = new URL(BASE_URL+"/file/upload");
                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    //设置参数，这些参数在转包软件中可以获取
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(100000);
                    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept","*/*");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Connection","keep-alive");
                    connection.setDoOutput(true);
                    connection.setDoInput(true);
                    //连接
                    connection.connect();
                    outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
                    //准备数据
                    StringBuilder headerSbInfo = new StringBuilder();
                    headerSbInfo.append("--");
                    headerSbInfo.append(BOUNDARY);
                    headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
                    byte[] bytes = headerSbInfo.toString().getBytes();
                    outputStream.write(bytes);
                    //文件内容
                    FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                    bri = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int len;
                    while (((len = bri.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1)) {
                        outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
                    }
                    //写尾部信息
                    StringBuilder footerSbInfo = new StringBuilder();
                    footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
                    footerSbInfo.append("--");
                    footerSbInfo.append(BOUNDARY);
                    footerSbInfo.append("--");
                    footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
                    outputStream.write(footerSbInfo.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));

                    //获取返回的结果
                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if ((responseCode == 200)) {
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        String result = bf.readLine();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    //关流
                    if (bri != null) {
                        try {
                            bri.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (outputStream != null) {
                        try {
                            outputStream.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

3.在manifest中添加访问sd卡的权限

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

9.多文件上传

1.创建一个新的活动，xml文件和之前一样，添加一个按钮。

2…java文件

public void PostFiles(View view){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //文件流，参数为文件地址
                    File fileOne = new File("/storage/emulated/0/Download/1.png");
                    File fileTwo = new File("/storage/emulated/0/Download/2.png");
                    File fileThree = new File("/storage/emulated/0/Download/3.png");
                    String fileKey = "files";
                    String fileType = "image/png";
                    String BOUNDARY = "-----------------------------95454674815313215456";
                    URL url = new URL(BASE_URL+"/files/upload");
                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    //设置参数，这些参数在转包软件中可以获取
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(100000);
                    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept","*/*");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Connection","keep-alive");
                    connection.setDoOutput(true);
                    connection.setDoInput(true);
                    //连接
                    connection.connect();
                    OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
                    //准备数据
                    upload(fileOne, BOUNDARY, outputStream,false);
                    upload(fileTwo, BOUNDARY, outputStream,false);
                    upload(fileThree, BOUNDARY, outputStream,true);

                    //获取返回的结果
                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if ((responseCode == 200)) {
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        String result = bf.readLine();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            //封装成方法
            private void upload(final File file,
                                final String BOUNDARY,
                                final OutputStream outputStream,
                                boolean isLast) throws IOException {
                StringBuilder headerSbInfo = new StringBuilder();
                headerSbInfo.append("--");
                headerSbInfo.append(BOUNDARY);
                headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
                byte[] bytes = headerSbInfo.toString().getBytes();
                outputStream.write(bytes);
                //文件内容
                FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                BufferedInputStream bri = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while (((len = bri.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1)) {
                    outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                //写尾部信息
                StringBuilder footerSbInfo = new StringBuilder();
                footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
                footerSbInfo.append("--");
                if (isLast) {
                    footerSbInfo.append("--");
                    footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
                }
                footerSbInfo.append(BOUNDARY);
                outputStream.write(footerSbInfo.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
            }
        }).start();
    }

把上传数据的过程封装起来成为一个方法，避免代码的冗余

10.文件的下载

1.继续创建一个活动，在其xml文件内写入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".Activity.RequestTextActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="文件下载"
        android:onClick="DownFile"
        tools:ignore="OnClick" />

</LinearLayout>

2 .java文件内

public void DownFile(View view) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    URL url = new URL(BASE_URL + "/download/10");
                    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(100000);
                    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "keep-alive");
                    connection.connect();
                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if (responseCode == 200) {
                        //拿到文件
                        String headerField = connection.getHeaderField("Content-disposition");
                        int index = headerField.indexOf("filename=");
                        int length = "filename".length();
                        headerField.substring(index + length);

                        //存储过程
                        File picFile = DownFileActivity.this.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
                        String fileName = headerField.replace("attachment;filename", "");
                        if (!picFile.exists()) {
                            picFile.mkdirs();
                        }
                        File file = new File("picFile" + File.separator + fileName);
                        if (!file.exists()) {
                            file.createNewFile();
                        }
                        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                        int len;
                        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1){
                            fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
                        }
                        fileOutputStream.flush();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

了解原理即可，后面会学到框架

3.创建一个工具类用来关闭流

public class IOUtils {
    public static void ioClose(Closeable closeable){
        try {
            closeable.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Closeable 类是流的父类，不管是输入还是输出流都能传进去

梦想家哈儿和他的bug

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