安卓多媒体（视频录制、播放、音效播放）
一、MediaRecorder录制视频
使用MediaRecorder能够编写从设备麦克风与相机捕获音视频、保存音视频并（使用MediaPlayer）进行播放的应用。
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-sut5OuR5-1623675956185)(C:\Users\23737\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210614202933768.png)]
1.申请权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
分别是音频麦克风和视频相机的权限
2.在主活动的布局文件上添加TextureView和一个按钮
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".VideoRecording.MediaRecordActivity">
<TextureView
android:id="@+id/textureView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_opt"
android:onClick="onClick"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="开始"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
3.在java文件下编辑代码
package com.example.it_train.VideoRecording;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.example.it_train.R;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MediaRecordActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextureView mTextureView;
private Button mBtn_opt;
private Camera camera;
private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_media_record);
//找到控件
mTextureView = findViewById(R.id.textureView);
mBtn_opt = findViewById(R.id.btn_opt);
}
public void onClick(View view){
CharSequence text = mBtn_opt.getText();
if (TextUtils.equals(text,"开始")) {
mBtn_opt.setText("结束");
//初始化相机
camera = Camera.open();
/**
* camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);使用在录制视频的时候，显示的效果不是颠倒的
* 录制分为 预览 和 真实拍摄 两个阶段
* 预览时候是反的，使用 camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);来解决
* 真实拍摄是反的，使用mediaRecorder.setOrientationHint(90);来解决
*/
camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
camera.unlock();
mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
mediaRecorder.setCamera(camera);
//设置视频相关信息
mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); //设置音频源 麦克风
mediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);//设备视频源 摄像头
mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);//指定视频文件格式
//设置音频编码
mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
//设置视频编码
mediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);
//默认是颠倒的，这里要设置回来
mediaRecorder.setOrientationHint(90);
//设置视频输出文件
mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(new File(getExternalFilesDir(""), "a.mp4").getAbsolutePath());
mediaRecorder.setVideoSize(640, 480);
//设置摄像头预览的画布
mediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(new Surface(mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture()));
try {
//录制视频准备
mediaRecorder.prepare();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//进入了录制
mediaRecorder.start();
}else{
mBtn_opt.setText("开始");
//回到初始阶段
mediaRecorder.stop();
mediaRecorder.release();
//这里要记得释放camera
camera.stopPreview();
camera.release();
}
}
}
代码注释已经写得很详细了，不懂的看注释就行
二、MediaPlayer播放视频
1.简介：
MediaPlayer类是媒体框架最重要的组成部分之一。此类的对象能够获取、解码以及播放音频和视频，而且只需极少量设置。它支持多种不同的媒体源,例如:
- 本地资源
- 内部URL，例如可能从内容解析器那里获得url
- 外部网址
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-hSTHcNjQ-1623675956187)(C:\Users\23737\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210614203410240.png)]
2.在布局文件下添加TextuerView和按钮
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".VideoRecording.VideoActivity">
<TextureView
android:id="@+id/textureView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_opt"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="开始"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
3.在java文件下编辑代码
package com.example.it_train.VideoRecording;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.example.it_train.R;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class VideoActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener,MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener, MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener {
private TextureView textureView;
private Button btn_opt;
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_video);
textureView = findViewById(R.id.textureView);
btn_opt = findViewById(R.id.btn_opt);
btn_opt.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
CharSequence text = btn_opt.getText();
if (TextUtils.equals(text, "开始")) {
btn_opt.setText("结束");
mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
//设置准备监听
mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(this);
mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(this);
try {
//指定视频源
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(new File(getExternalFilesDir(""), "a.mp4").getAbsolutePath());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//设置画布
mediaPlayer.setSurface(new Surface(textureView.getSurfaceTexture()));
mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
} else {
btn_opt.setText("开始");
//释放资源
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.release();
}
}
@Override
public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
mediaPlayer.start();
}
@Override
public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
btn_opt.setText("开始");
mediaPlayer.release();
}
}
三、使用VideoView来播放视频
1.添加控件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<VideoView
android:id="@+id/videoView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
2.java文件下编辑代码
package com.enjoy.mediademo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.MediaController;
import android.widget.VideoView;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import java.io.File;
public class VideoViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_videoview);
VideoView videoView = findViewById(R.id.videoView);
//设置一个控制器（可以进行视频播放的操控)
MediaController mediaController = new MediaController(this);
//给控制器设置一个监听，设置上一个下一个功能
mediaController.setPrevNextListeners(this, this);
videoView.setMediaController(mediaController);
//设置视频路径
videoView.setVideoPath(new File(getExternalFilesDir(""), "a.mp4").getAbsolutePath());
videoView.start();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Log.i("VideoView","====");
}
}
四、SoundPool播放音效
MediaPlayer虽然也能播放音频，但是它有资源占用量较高、延迟时间较长、不支持多个音频同时播放等缺点。这些缺点决定了MediaPlayer在某些场合的使用情况不会很理想，例如在对时间精准度要求相对较高的场景。而SoundPool一般用来播放密集、急促而又短暂的音效，比如: “滴滴一下，马上出发”。
1.添加控件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recyclerView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
2.设置适配器
package com.enjoy.mediademo;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.MyViewHolder> implements View.OnClickListener {
private final List<SoundActivity.Sound> data;
private final Context context;
private final RecyclerView recyclerView;
private OnItemClickListener listener;
public MyAdapter(List<SoundActivity.Sound> data, RecyclerView recyclerView, Context context) {
this.data = data;
this.recyclerView = recyclerView;
this.context = context;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
TextView textView = new TextView(context);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
layoutParams.topMargin = 18;
layoutParams.leftMargin = 18;
textView.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
textView.setOnClickListener(this);
return new MyViewHolder(textView);
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
((TextView) holder.itemView).setText(data.get(position).getName());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return data.size();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onItemClick(recyclerView.getChildAdapterPosition(v));
}
}
public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
}
interface OnItemClickListener {
void onItemClick(int position);
}
class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
public MyViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
super(itemView);
}
}
}
3.java文件下编辑
package com.enjoy.mediademo;
import android.media.SoundPool;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class SoundActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MyAdapter.OnItemClickListener {
private SoundPool soundPool;
static class Sound {
String name;
int soundId;
public Sound(String name, int soundId) {
this.name = name;
this.soundId = soundId;
}
public int getSoundId() {
return soundId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
List<Sound> data;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_sound);
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recyclerView);
LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);
soundPool = new SoundPool.Builder().setMaxStreams(6).build();
data = new ArrayList<>();
data.add(new Sound("a4", soundPool.load(this, R.raw.a4, 1)));
data.add(new Sound("a5", soundPool.load(this, R.raw.a5, 1)));
data.add(new Sound("a6", soundPool.load(this, R.raw.a6, 1)));
data.add(new Sound("a7", soundPool.load(this, R.raw.a7, 1)));
data.add(new Sound("a8", soundPool.load(this, R.raw.a8, 1)));
data.add(new Sound("a9", soundPool.load(this, R.raw.a9, 1)));
MyAdapter myAdapter = new MyAdapter(data, recyclerView, this);
myAdapter.setOnItemClickListener(this);
recyclerView.setAdapter(myAdapter);
}
@Override
public void onItemClick(int position) {
Sound sound = data.get(position);
soundPool.play(sound.getSoundId(),
1.0f, 1.0f, 1, 0, 1.0f);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
for (Sound datum : data) {
soundPool.unload(datum.getSoundId());
}
soundPool.release();
}
}
五、一点小零碎
?怎么才能使得APP进入之后就显示权限的申请呢
1.首先在manifest申请权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
2.在activity的java代码下编辑
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//申请权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
100);
}
}
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