Springcloud学习（一）

一、简介

Spring Cloud为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统中的一些通用模式（例如配置管理，服务发现，断路器，智能路由，微代理，控制总线，一次性令牌，全局锁，领导选举，分布式 会话，群集状态）。 分布式系统的协调导致了锅炉板模式，并且使用Spring Cloud开发人员可以快速地站起来实现这些模式的服务和应用程序。 它们可以在任何分布式环境中正常工作，包括开发人员自己的笔记本电脑，裸机数据中心和受管平台。

中文文档：https://springcloud.cc/

官方文档：http://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/#quick-start

springcloud的版本名称很奇怪，它是按照伦敦地铁站的名称由a-z排序进行命名。

高深的内容我也不会，这里我只说下springcloud中常用的组件
- 服务发现——Netflix Eureka
- 客服端负载均衡——Netflix Ribbon
- 断路器——Netflix Hystrix
- 服务网关——Netflix Zuul
- 分布式配置——Spring Cloud Config

二、以往的服务调用（没有注册中心）例子

1、新建一个父工程hjduan.spring.cloud（在以下的章节中都会继承这个父工程）pom文件内容如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hjduan.spring.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>hjduan.spring.cloud</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--依赖管理，用于管理spring-cloud的依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.6.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <!--刚开始没有modules的-->
    <modules>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.eureka</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.ribbon</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.provider</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.consumer</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.feign</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.hystrix</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.zuul</module>
        <module>hjduan.spring.cloud.config</module>
    </modules>
</project>

2、然后新建一个hjduan.spring.cloud.provider服务生产者pom文件如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hjduan.spring.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>hjduan.spring.cloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>hjduan.spring.cloud.provider</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 健康监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.yml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3、application.properties

#启动端口
server.port=7900

4、编写UserController

package com.qbd.clould.provider.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String findByid(String id) {
        return "hi "+id;
    }

}

5、启动类

package com.qbd.clould.provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

6、新建消费者hjduan.spring.cloud.consumer继承父工程 pom文件如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.hjduan.spring.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>hjduan.spring.cloud</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>hjduan.spring.cloud.consumer</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 健康监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.yml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

7、application.yml配置

server:
  port: 7901

8、编写controller

package com.qbd.clould.consumer.controller;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String findByid(String id){

        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:7900/user/id="+id, String.class);
    }
}

9、编写启动类

package com.qbd.clould.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

10、然后访问http://localhost:7901/user?id=10
会输出hi 10

11、下一张会说通过eureka注册中心来配置服务

12、代码地址：

https://git.oschina.net/lgr123/springcloud.git