装饰者模式(Decorator Pattern)

装饰者模式(Decorator Pattern):动态地将责任附加到对象上.若要扩展功能,装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案

注:装饰者模式的,常常造成设计中有大量的小类,在实例化组件时增加代码的复杂度

 

实例:连锁咖啡店订单系统,如果使用继承的方法,每种饮料,以加入的调料不同而声明不同的类,那么”类爆炸”就不幸地发生了

 

代码:

JAVA

1. abstract class Beverage
2. {
3.     String description = "";
4.     public String getDescription()
5.     {
6.         return description;
7.     }
8.     public abstract double cost();
9. }
11. abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage
12. {
13.     public abstract String getDescription();
14. }
16. class Espresso extends Beverage
17. {
18.     public Espresso()
19.     {
20.         description = "Espresso";
21.     }
23.     public double cost()
24.     {
25.         return 1.99;
26.     }
28. }
30. class HouseBlend extends Beverage
31. {
32.     public HouseBlend()
33.     {
34.         description = "House Blend Coffee";
35.     }
36.     public double cost()
37.     {
38.         return 0.89;
39.     }
40. }
42. class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator
43. {
44.     Beverage beverage;
45.     public Mocha(Beverage beverage)
46.     {
47.         this.beverage = beverage;
48.     }
49.     public String getDescription()
50.     {
51.         return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
52.     }
53.     public double cost()
54.     {
55.         return 0.20 + beverage.cost();
56.     }
57. }
59. class Soy extends CondimentDecorator
60. {
61.     Beverage beverage;
62.     public Soy(Beverage beverage)
63.     {
64.         this.beverage = beverage;
65.     }
66.     public String getDescription()
67.     {
68.         return beverage.getDescription()+", Soy";
69.     }
70.     public double cost()
71.     {
72.         return 0.15 + beverage.cost();
73.     }
76. }
78. class Whip extends CondimentDecorator
79. {
80.     Beverage beverage;
81.     public Whip(Beverage beverage)
82.     {
83.         this.beverage = beverage;
84.     }
86.     public String getDescription()
87.     {
88.         return beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip";
89.     }
90.     public double cost()
91.     {
92.         return 0.10 + beverage.cost();
93.     }
94. }
96. public class StarbuzzCoffee
97. {
98.     public static void main(String args[])
99.     {
100.         Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
101.         System.out.println(beverage.getDescription() + " $ " + beverage.cost());
103.         Beverage beverage1 = new Espresso();
105.         beverage1 = new Mocha(beverage1);
106.         beverage1 = new Mocha(beverage1);
107.         beverage1 = new Whip(beverage1);
109.         System.out.println(beverage1.getDescription()+" $ "+beverage1.cost());
111.         Beverage beverage2 = new HouseBlend();
112.         beverage2 = new Soy(beverage2);
113.         beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
114.         beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
115.         System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription() + " $ " + beverage2.cost());
117.     }
118. }

 

C++:

1. // StarbuzzCoffee.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
2. //
4. #include "stdafx.h"
5. #include <string>
6. #include <iostream>
7. using namespace std;
9. class Beverage
10. {
11. protected:
12.     string description;
13.     
14. public:
15.     virtual string getDescription()
16.     {
17.         return description;
18.     }
19.      virtual double cost()=0;
20. };
22. class CondimentDecorator : public Beverage
23. {
24. public:
25.     virtual string getDescription()=0;
26.     
27. };
30. class Espresso : public Beverage
31. {
32. public:
33.     Espresso()
34.     {
35.         description = "Espresso";
36.     }
38.      double cost()
39.     {
40.         return 1.99;
41.     }
43. };
46. class HouseBlend  : public Beverage
47. {
48. public:
49.     HouseBlend()
50.     {
51.         description = "House Blend Coffee";
52.     }
53.     double cost()
54.     {
55.         return 0.89;
56.     }
57. };
59. class Mocha :public CondimentDecorator
60. {
61. private:
62.     Beverage* beverage;
63. public:
64.     Mocha(Beverage* beverage)
65.     {
66.         this->beverage = beverage;
67.     }
68.     string getDescription()
69.     {
70.         return beverage->getDescription() + ", Mocha";
71.     }
72.     double cost()
73.     {
74.         return 0.20 + beverage->cost();
75.     }
76. };
78. class Soy :public CondimentDecorator
79. {
80. private:
81.     Beverage* beverage;
82. public:
83.     Soy(Beverage* beverage)
84.     {
85.         this->beverage = beverage;
86.     }
87.     string getDescription()
88.     {
89.         return beverage->getDescription()+", Soy";
90.     }
91.     double cost()
92.     {
93.         return 0.15 + beverage->cost();
94.     }
97. };
99. class Whip:public CondimentDecorator
100. {
101. private:
102.     Beverage* beverage;
103. public:
104.     Whip(Beverage* beverage)
105.     {
106.         this->beverage = beverage;
107.     }
109.     string getDescription()
110.     {
111.         return beverage->getDescription() + ", Whip";
112.     }
113.     double cost()
114.     {
115.         return 0.10 + beverage->cost();
116.     }
117. };
119. int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
120. {
121.     Beverage *beverage=new Espresso();
122.     cout<<beverage->getDescription() <<" $ " << beverage->cost()<<endl;
124.     Beverage *beverage1=new Espresso();
125.     beverage1=new Mocha(beverage1);
126.     beverage1=new Mocha(beverage1);
127.     beverage1 = new Whip(beverage1);
128.     cout<<beverage1->getDescription() <<" $ " << beverage1->cost()<<endl;
130.     Beverage* beverage2 = new HouseBlend();
131.     beverage2 = new Soy(beverage2);
132.     beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
133.     beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
135.     cout<<beverage2->getDescription() <<" $ " << beverage2->cost()<<endl;
139.     return 0;
140. }

 

结果: