ARM64 Linux head.S flat address mapping分析

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-21 18:13:23 发布

txhuaz

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-21 18:13:23 发布

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本文详细分析了ARM64 Linux内核引导时的flat地址映射，解释了在MMU关闭状态下，物理地址与虚拟地址相等的原理。讨论了ARM64 CPU的地址空间结构，包括物理内存和虚拟地址空间，以及Linux内核如何在引导阶段使用TTBR0_EL1和TTBR1_EL1进行地址转换。在MMU重新启用时，identity mapping的作用确保了平滑过渡。

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走读 arch/arm64/kernel/head.S 代码时，发现一些关键点需要厘清，这里记录下来：

ARM64 flat address mapping

支持MMU功能的CPU在MMU没有开启(如上电复位时或者人为关闭)的情况下都有相关机制，ARM中采用flat address mapping。
ARM在DDI0487A_k_armv8_arm文档中对flat address mapping描述如下：

Flat address mapping
                 Is where the physical address for every access is equal to its virtual address.

也就是pa==va，没有基地址+偏移。
同时该文档在D4.2.8 The effects of disabling a stage of address translation谈到对AARCH64 MMU stage1/stage2 disable时特性，包括数据与地址访问。

至于MMU什么时候disable，在SCTLR_EL1.M/SCTLR_EL2.M/SCTLR_EL3.M描述时指出When this register has an architecturally-defined reset value, this field resets to 0.
这样在CPU复位上电后MMU是Disable。

Linux内核引导时地址映射要求

ARM64 Linux内核在引导时也要MMU disable，具体见head.S文件：

// arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
/*
 * Kernel startup entry point.
 * ---------------------------
 *
 * The requirements are:
 *   MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = on or off,
 *   x0 = physical address to the FDT blob.
 *
 * This code is mostly position independent so you call this at
 * __pa(PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET).
 *
 * Note that the callee-saved registers are used for storing variables
 * that are useful before the MMU is enabled. The allocations are described
 * in the entry routines.
 */