一、Generic Netlink介绍
介绍Generic Netlink之前，不得不说Netlink。Netlink是一种灵活的并且健壮的通讯方式，可以用于kernel to user、user to kernel、kernel to kernel甚至user to user的通讯。Netlink的通道是通过Family来组织的，但随着使用越来越多，Family ID已经不够分配了，所以才有了Generic Netlink。
所以，Generic Netlink其实是对Netlink报文中的数据进行了再次封装。
二、genl架构
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| (3) application "A" | | (3) application "B" |
+------+--------------+ +--------------+------+
| |
\ /
\ /
| |
+-------+--------------------------------+-------+
| : : | user-space
=====+ : (5) kernel socket API : +================
| : : | kernel-space
+--------+-------------------------------+-------+
| |
+-----+-------------------------------+----+
| (1) Netlink subsystem |
+---------------------+--------------------+
|
+---------------------+--------------------+
| (2) Generic Netlink bus |
+--+--------------------------+-------+----+
| | |
+-------+---------+ | |
| (4) controller | / \
+-----------------+ / \
| |
+------------------+--+ +--+------------------+
| (3) kernel user "X" | | (3) kernel user "Y" |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+ genl架构图，https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/generic_netlink_howto#architectural-overview
三、genl数据包结构
要理解genl的程序，必须先了解genl数据包的结构。数据包的结构如下图所示
genl机制的数据包分了4层，用户的实际数据封装在attribute里，一个或多个attribute可以被封装在用户自定义的一个family报文里，一个family报文又被封装在genlmsg里，最后genlmsg被封装在nlmsg里，总共4层。
四、流程说明
1. 对于从user to kernel的通讯，driver必须先向内核注册一个struct genl_family，并且注册一些cmd的处理函数。这些cmd是跟某个family关联起来的。注册family的时候我们可以让内核自动为这个family分配一个ID。每个family都有一个唯一的ID，其中ID号0x10是被内核的nlctrl family所使用。当注册成功以后，如果user program向某个family发送cmd，那么内核就会回调对应cmd的处理函数。对于user program，使用前，除了要创建一个socket并绑定地址以外，还需要先通过family的名字获取family的ID。获取方法，就是向nlctrl这个family查询。详细的方法可以看后面的例子。有了family的ID以后，才能向该family发送cmd。
2.对于从kernel to user的通讯，采用的是广播的形式，只要user program监听了，都能收到。但是同样的，user program在监听前，也必须先查询到family的ID。
五、示例
网上很多例子都不是很完整，这里贴一个完整的例子源码供参考。
例子1：user到kernel，user program通过发送一个命令到内核，内核相应的模块接收到命令以后，执行对应的回调函数
kernel端：
#include <net/netlink.h>
#include <net/genetlink.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#define TEST_GENL_MSG_FROM_KERNEL "Hello from kernel space!!!"
/* handler
* message handling code goes here; return 0 on success, negative
* values on failure
*/
static int doc_exmpl_echo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info);
/* netlink attributes */
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_A_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG,
__DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX,
};
#define DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX (__DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX - 1)
/* attribute policy */
static struct nla_policy doc_exmpl_genl_policy[DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX + 1] = {
[DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG] = { .type = NLA_NUL_STRING },
};
/* commands 定义命令类型，用户空间以此来表明需要执行的命令 */
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_C_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO,
__DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX,
};
#define DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX (__DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX - 1)
/* family definition */
static struct genl_family doc_exmpl_genl_family = {
.id = GENL_ID_GENERATE, //这里不指定family ID，由内核进行分配
.hdrsize = 0, //自定义的头部长度，参考genl数据包结构
.name = "DOC_EXMPL", //这里定义family的名称，user program需要根据这个名字来找到对应的family ID。
.version = 1,
.maxattr = DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX,
};
/* operation definition 将命令command echo和具体的handler对应起来 */
static struct genl_ops doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo = {
.cmd = DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO,
.flags = 0,
.policy = doc_exmpl_genl_policy,
.doit = doc_exmpl_echo,
.dumpit = NULL,
};
static struct genl_multicast_group doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp = {
.name = "DOC_EXMPL_GRP",
};
static inline int genl_msg_prepare_usr_msg(u8 cmd, size_t size, pid_t pid, struct sk_buff **skbp)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
/* create a new netlink msg */
skb = genlmsg_new(size, GFP_KERNEL);
if (skb == NULL) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
/* Add a new netlink message to an skb */
genlmsg_put(skb, pid, 0, &doc_exmpl_genl_family, 0, cmd);
*skbp = skb;
return 0;
}
static inline int genl_msg_mk_usr_msg(struct sk_buff *skb, int type, void *data, int len)
{
int rc;
/* add a netlink attribute to a socket buffer */
if ((rc = nla_put(skb, type, len, data)) != 0) {
return rc;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* genl_msg_send_to_user - 通过generic netlink发送数据到netlink
*
* @data: 发送数据缓存
* @len: 数据长度 单位：byte
* @pid: 发送到的客户端pid
*
* return:
* 0: 成功
* -1: 失败
*/
int genl_msg_send_to_user(void *data, int len, pid_t pid)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
size_t size;
void *head;
int rc;
size = nla_total_size(len); /* total length of attribute including padding */
rc = genl_msg_prepare_usr_msg(DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO, size, pid, &skb);
if (rc) {
return rc;
}
rc = genl_msg_mk_usr_msg(skb, DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG, data, len);
if (rc) {
kfree_skb(skb);
return rc;
}
head = genlmsg_data(nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(skb)));
rc = genlmsg_end(skb, head);
if (rc < 0) {
kfree_skb(skb);
return rc;
}
rc = genlmsg_unicast(&init_net, skb, pid);
if (rc < 0) {
return rc;
}
return 0;
}
//echo command handler, 命令处理函数，当接收到user program发出的命令后，这个函数会被内核调用
static int doc_exmpl_echo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
{
/* message handling code goes here; return 0 on success, negative values on failure */
struct nlmsghdr *nlhdr;
struct genlmsghdr *genlhdr;
struct nlattr *nlh;
char *str;
int ret;
nlhdr = nlmsg_hdr(skb);
genlhdr = nlmsg_data(nlhdr);
nlh = genlmsg_data(genlhdr);
str = nla_data(nlh);
printk("doc_exmpl_echo get: %s\n", str);
ret = genl_msg_send_to_user(TEST_GENL_MSG_FROM_KERNEL,
strlen(TEST_GENL_MSG_FROM_KERNEL) + 1, nlhdr->nlmsg_pid);
return ret;
}
static int genetlink_init(void)
{
int rc;
/**
* 1. Registering A Family
* This function doesn't exist past linux 3.12
*/
rc = genl_register_family(&doc_exmpl_genl_family);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out1;
rc = genl_register_ops(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out2;
/*
* for multicast
*/
rc = genl_register_mc_group(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out3;
LOGC("doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp.id=%d", doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp.id);
LOGC("genetlink_init OK");
return 0;
err_out3:
genl_unregister_ops(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo);
err_out2:
genl_unregister_family(&doc_exmpl_genl_family);
err_out1:
LOGC("Error occured while inserting generic netlink example module\n");
return rc;
}
static void genetlink_exit(void)
{
LOGC("Generic Netlink Example Module unloaded.");
genl_unregister_mc_group(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp);
genl_unregister_ops(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo);
genl_unregister_family(&doc_exmpl_genl_family);
}
user program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <linux/genetlink.h>
#define GENLMSG_DATA(glh) ((void*)(((char*)glh) + GENL_HDRLEN))
#define NLA_DATA(nla) ((void *)((char*)(nla) + NLA_HDRLEN))
#define NLA_NEXT(nla,len) ((len) -= NLA_ALIGN((nla)->nla_len), \
(struct nlattr*)(((char*)(nla)) + NLA_ALIGN((nla)->nla_len)))
#define NLA_OK(nla,len) ((len) >= (int)sizeof(struct nlattr) && \
(nla)->nla_len >= sizeof(struct nlattr) && \
(nla)->nla_len <= (len))
//copy from kernel driver genl_ops's cmd
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_C_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO,
__DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX,
};
//copy from kernel driver netlink attribute
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_A_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG,
__DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX,
};
#define MESSAGE_TO_KERNEL "Hello World from user space!"
/**
* nla_attr_size - length of attribute size, NOT including padding
* @param payload length of payload
* @return
*/
static inline int nla_attr_size(int payload)
{
return NLA_HDRLEN + payload;
}
/**
* nla_total_size - total length of attribute including padding
* @param payload length of payload, NOT including NLA_HDR
*/
static inline int nla_total_size(int payload)
{
return NLA_ALIGN(nla_attr_size(payload));
}
static int genlmsg_open(void)
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
int ret;
sockfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_GENERIC);
if (sockfd < 0)
{
LOGC("socket: %m");
return -1;
}
memset(&nladdr, 0, sizeof(nladdr));
nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
nladdr.nl_pid = getpid();
nladdr.nl_groups = 0xffffffff; //这个是mask值，如果family ID & nl_groups为0，
//则这个family的广播就接收不到，所以这里设为0xffffffff就可以接收所有的family消息
ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&nladdr, sizeof(nladdr));
if (ret < 0)
{
LOGC("bind: %m");
ret = -1;
goto err_out;
}
return sockfd;
err_out:
close(sockfd);
return ret;
}
static void *genlmsg_alloc(int *size)
{
unsigned char *buf;
int len;
/*
* attribute len
* attr len = (nla_hdr + pad) + (payload(user data) + pad)
*/
len = nla_total_size(*size);
/*
* family msg len,
* but actually we have NOT custom family header
* family msg len = family_hdr + payload(attribute)
*/
len += 0;
/*
* generic netlink msg len
* genlmsg len = (genlhdr + pad) + payload(family msg)
*/
len += GENL_HDRLEN;
/*
* netlink msg len
* nlmsg len = (nlmsghdr + pad) + (payload(genlmsg) + pad)
*/
len = NLMSG_SPACE(len);
buf = malloc(len);
if (!buf)
return NULL;
memset(buf, 0, len);
*size = len;
return buf;
}
static void genlmsg_free(void *buf)
{
if (buf)
free(buf);
}
static int genlmsg_send(int sockfd, unsigned short nlmsg_type, unsigned int nlmsg_pid,
unsigned char genl_cmd, unsigned char genl_version,
unsigned short nla_type, const void *nla_data, unsigned int nla_len)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh; //netlink message header
struct genlmsghdr *glh; //generic netlink message header
struct nlattr *nla; //netlink attribute header
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
unsigned char *buf;
int len;
int count;
int ret;
if ((nlmsg_type == 0) || (!nla_data) || (nla_len <= 0))
{
return -1;
}
len = nla_len;
buf = genlmsg_alloc(&len);
if (!buf)
return -1;
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = len;
nlh->nlmsg_type = nlmsg_type;
nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
nlh->nlmsg_seq = 0;
nlh->nlmsg_pid = nlmsg_pid;
glh = (struct genlmsghdr *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
glh->cmd = genl_cmd;
glh->version = genl_version;
nla = (struct nlattr *)GENLMSG_DATA(glh);
nla->nla_type = nla_type;
nla->nla_len = nla_attr_size(nla_len);
memcpy(NLA_DATA(nla), nla_data, nla_len);
memset(&nladdr, 0, sizeof(nladdr));
nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
count = 0;
ret = 0;
do {
ret = sendto(sockfd, &buf[count], len - count, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&nladdr, sizeof(nladdr));
if (ret < 0)
{
if (errno != EAGAIN)
{
count = -1;
goto out;
}
}
else
{
count += ret;
}
}while (count < len);
out:
genlmsg_free(buf);
LOGC("send return %d", count);
return count;
}
/**
*
* @param sockfd generic netlink socket fd
* @param buf the 'buf' is including the struct nlmsghdr,
* struct genlmsghdr and struct nlattr
* @param len size of 'buf'
* @return >0 size of genlmsg
* <0 error occur
*/
static int genlmsg_recv(int sockfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)
{
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
struct msghdr msg;
struct iovec iov;
int ret;
nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
nladdr.nl_pid = getpid();
nladdr.nl_groups = 0xffffffff;
iov.iov_base = buf;
iov.iov_len = len;
msg.msg_name = (void *)&nladdr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(nladdr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
msg.msg_control = NULL;
msg.msg_controllen = 0;
msg.msg_flags = 0;
ret = recvmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
ret = ret > 0 ? ret : -1;
LOGC("recv return %d", ret);
return ret;
}
static int genlmsg_dispatch(struct nlmsghdr *nlmsghdr, unsigned int nlh_len,
int nlmsg_type, int nla_type, unsigned char *buf, int *len)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
struct genlmsghdr *glh;
struct nlattr *nla;
int nla_len;
int l;
int i;
int ret = -1;
if (!nlmsghdr || !buf || !len)
return -1;
LOGC("nlmsg_type = %d", nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type);
if (nlmsg_type && (nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type != nlmsg_type))
return -1;
//读取到的数据流里面，可能会包含多条nlmsg
for (nlh = nlmsghdr; NLMSG_OK(nlh, nlh_len); nlh = NLMSG_NEXT(nlh, nlh_len))
{
/* The end of multipart message. */
if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE)
{
LOGC("get NLMSG_DONE");
ret = 0;
break;
}
if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR)
{
LOGC("get NLMSG_ERROR");
ret = -1;
break;
}
glh = (struct genlmsghdr *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
nla = (struct nlattr *)GENLMSG_DATA(glh); //the first attribute
nla_len = nlh->nlmsg_len - GENL_HDRLEN; //len of attributes
for (i = 0; NLA_OK(nla, nla_len); nla = NLA_NEXT(nla, nla_len), ++i)
{
//一条nlmsg里面，可能会包含多个attr
LOGC("%d. nla->nla_type = %d", i, nla->nla_type);
/* Match the family ID, copy the data to user */
if (nla_type == nla->nla_type)
{
l = nla->nla_len - NLA_HDRLEN; //attribute里的payload就是内核返回给用户的实际数据
*len = *len > l ? l : *len;
memcpy(buf, NLA_DATA(nla), *len);
ret = 0;
break;
}
}
}
return ret;
}
static int genlmsg_get_family_id(int sockfd, const char *family_name)
{
void *buf;
int len;
__u16 id;
int l;
int ret;
ret = genlmsg_send(sockfd, GENL_ID_CTRL, 0, CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY, 1,
CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME, family_name, strlen(family_name) + 1);
if (ret < 0)
return -1;
len = 256;
buf = genlmsg_alloc(&len);
if (!buf)
return -1;
len = genlmsg_recv(sockfd, buf, len);
if (len < 0)
return len;
id = 0;
l = sizeof(id);
genlmsg_dispatch((struct nlmsghdr *)buf, len, 0, CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_ID, (unsigned char *)&id, &l);
genlmsg_free(buf);
return id > 0 ? id : -1;
}
static void genlmsg_close(int sockfd)
{
if (sockfd >= 0)
close(sockfd);
}
#define BUF_SIZE 256
static int test_netlink_unicast(void)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
int sockfd = -1;
unsigned char buf[BUF_SIZE];
int len;
int id;
pid_t pid;
int ret;
len = BUF_SIZE;
nlh = genlmsg_alloc(&len);
if (!nlh)
return -1;
sockfd = genlmsg_open();
if (sockfd < 0)
return -1;
id = genlmsg_get_family_id(sockfd, "DOC_EXMPL"); //这里必须先通过family的名字获取到family ID，名字需要与驱动里的一致
LOGC("get family ID[%d]", id);
if (id <= 0)
{
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
pid = getpid();
ret = genlmsg_send(sockfd, id, pid, DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO, 1,
DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG, MESSAGE_TO_KERNEL, strlen(MESSAGE_TO_KERNEL) + 1); //向内核发送genl消息
if (ret < 0)
{
goto out;
}
ret = genlmsg_recv(sockfd, (unsigned char *)nlh, len); //等待内核的回复
if (ret > 0)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
len = sizeof(buf);
ret = genlmsg_dispatch(nlh, ret, id, DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG, buf, &len);
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("get: %s\n", buf);
}
}
out:
genlmsg_close(sockfd);
genlmsg_free(nlh);
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/*
* test netlink unicast
*/
test_netlink_unicast();
return 0;
}
例子2：kernel到user，user program先创建一个socket并监听，内核发生某个事件以后，就可以发送一个广播，通知user program
kernel端：
#include <net/netlink.h>
#include <net/genetlink.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#define TEST_GENL_FAMILY_NAME "my-test-family"
#define TEST_GENL_MCAST_GROUP_NAME "my-test-group"
#define TEST_GENL_MSG_FROM_KERNEL "Hello from kernel space!!!"
/* handler
* message handling code goes here; return 0 on success, negative
* values on failure
*/
static int doc_exmpl_echo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info);
/* netlink attributes 可以通过枚举索引找到对应的类型，用户空间应用程序要传递这样的信息 */
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_A_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG,
__DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX,
};
#define DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX (__DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX - 1)
/* attribute policy */
static struct nla_policy doc_exmpl_genl_policy[DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX + 1] = {
[DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG] = { .type = NLA_NUL_STRING },
};
/* commands 定义命令类型，用户空间以此来表明需要执行的命令 */
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_C_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO,
__DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX,
};
#define DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX (__DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX - 1)
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(3,13,0)
/* family definition */
static struct genl_family doc_exmpl_genl_family = {
.id = GENL_ID_GENERATE, //request a new channel number, assigned by kernel, NOT driver specific
.hdrsize = 0,
.name = "DOC_EXMPL",
.version = 1,
.maxattr = DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX,
};
/* operation definition 将命令command echo和具体的handler对应起来 */
static struct genl_ops doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo = {
.cmd = DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO,
.flags = 0,
.policy = doc_exmpl_genl_policy,
.doit = doc_exmpl_echo,
.dumpit = NULL,
};
static struct genl_multicast_group doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp = {
.name = "DOC_EXMPL_GRP",
};
//需要在其他地方主动调用这个函数发送广播
static int test_netlink_send(void)
{
struct sk_buff *skb = NULL;
void *msg_header = NULL;
int size;
int rc;
/* allocate memory */
size = nla_total_size(strlen(TEST_GENL_MSG_FROM_KERNEL) + 1) + nla_total_size(0);
skb = genlmsg_new(size, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!skb)
return -ENOMEM;
/* add the genetlink message header */
msg_header = genlmsg_put(skb, 0, 0,
&doc_exmpl_genl_family, 0, DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO);
if (!msg_header)
{
rc = -ENOMEM;
goto err_out;
}
/* add a DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG attribute */
rc = nla_put_string(skb, DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG, TEST_GENL_MSG_FROM_KERNEL);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out;
/* finalize the message */
genlmsg_end(skb, msg_header);
//multicast is send a message to a logical group
rc = genlmsg_multicast(skb, 0, doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp.id, GFP_KERNEL);
if (rc != 0 && rc != -ESRCH)
{
/* if NO one is waitting the message in user space,
* genlmsg_multicast return -ESRCH
*/
LOGC("genlmsg_multicast to user failed, return %d", rc);
/*
* attention:
* If you NOT call genlmsg_unicast/genlmsg_multicast and error occurs,
* call nlmsg_free(skb).
* But if you call genlmsg_unicast/genlmsg_multicast, NO need to call
* nlmsg_free(skb). If NOT, kernel crash.
*/
return rc;
}
LOGC("genlmsg_multicast Success");
/*
* Attention:
* Should NOT call nlmsg_free(skb) here. If NOT, kernel crash!!!
*/
return 0;
err_out:
if (skb)
nlmsg_free(skb);
return rc;
}
static int genetlink_init(struct my_module_priv *ctx)
{
int rc;
/**
* 1. Registering A Family
* This function doesn't exist past linux 3.12
*/
rc = genl_register_family(&doc_exmpl_genl_family);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out1;
rc = genl_register_ops(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out2;
/*
* for multicast
*/
rc = genl_register_mc_group(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp);
if (rc != 0)
goto err_out3;
LOGC("doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp.id=%d", doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp.id);
LOGC("genetlink_init OK");
return 0;
err_out3:
genl_unregister_ops(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo);
err_out2:
genl_unregister_family(&doc_exmpl_genl_family);
err_out1:
LOGC("Error occured while inserting generic netlink example module\n");
return rc;
}
static void genetlink_exit(struct my_module_priv *ctx)
{
LOGC("Generic Netlink Example Module unloaded.");
genl_unregister_mc_group(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_mcgrp);
genl_unregister_ops(&doc_exmpl_genl_family, &doc_exmpl_genl_ops_echo);
genl_unregister_family(&doc_exmpl_genl_family);
}
static struct my_module_work g_my_module_work = {
.do_test_probe = genetlink_init,
.do_test_remove = genetlink_exit,
};user program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <linux/genetlink.h>
#define GENLMSG_DATA(glh) ((void*)(((char*)glh) + GENL_HDRLEN))
#define NLA_DATA(nla) ((void *)((char*)(nla) + NLA_HDRLEN))
#define NLA_NEXT(nla,len) ((len) -= NLA_ALIGN((nla)->nla_len), \
(struct nlattr*)(((char*)(nla)) + NLA_ALIGN((nla)->nla_len)))
#define NLA_OK(nla,len) ((len) >= (int)sizeof(struct nlattr) && \
(nla)->nla_len >= sizeof(struct nlattr) && \
(nla)->nla_len <= (len))
//copy from kernel driver genl_ops's cmd
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_C_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_C_ECHO,
__DOC_EXMPL_C_MAX,
};
//copy from kernel driver netlink attribute
enum {
DOC_EXMPL_A_UNSPEC,
DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG,
__DOC_EXMPL_A_MAX,
};
#define MESSAGE_TO_KERNEL "Hello World from user space!"
/**
* nla_attr_size - length of attribute size, NOT including padding
* @param payload length of payload
* @return
*/
static inline int nla_attr_size(int payload)
{
return NLA_HDRLEN + payload;
}
/**
* nla_total_size - total length of attribute including padding
* @param payload length of payload, NOT including NLA_HDR
*/
static inline int nla_total_size(int payload)
{
return NLA_ALIGN(nla_attr_size(payload));
}
static int genlmsg_open(void)
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
int ret;
sockfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_GENERIC);
if (sockfd < 0)
{
LOGC("socket: %m");
return -1;
}
memset(&nladdr, 0, sizeof(nladdr));
nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
nladdr.nl_pid = getpid();
nladdr.nl_groups = 0xffffffff;
ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&nladdr, sizeof(nladdr));
if (ret < 0)
{
LOGC("bind: %m");
ret = -1;
goto err_out;
}
return sockfd;
err_out:
close(sockfd);
return ret;
}
static void *genlmsg_alloc(int *size)
{
unsigned char *buf;
int len;
/*
* attribute len
* attr len = (nla_hdr + pad) + (payload(user data) + pad)
*/
len = nla_total_size(*size);
/*
* family msg len,
* but actually we have NOT custom family header
* family msg len = family_hdr + payload(attribute)
*/
len += 0;
/*
* generic netlink msg len
* genlmsg len = (genlhdr + pad) + payload(family msg)
*/
len += GENL_HDRLEN;
/*
* netlink msg len
* nlmsg len = (nlmsghdr + pad) + (payload(genlmsg) + pad)
*/
len = NLMSG_SPACE(len);
buf = malloc(len);
if (!buf)
return NULL;
memset(buf, 0, len);
*size = len;
return buf;
}
static void genlmsg_free(void *buf)
{
if (buf)
free(buf);
}
static int genlmsg_send(int sockfd, unsigned short nlmsg_type, unsigned int nlmsg_pid,
unsigned char genl_cmd, unsigned char genl_version,
unsigned short nla_type, const void *nla_data, unsigned int nla_len)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh; //netlink message header
struct genlmsghdr *glh; //generic netlink message header
struct nlattr *nla; //netlink attribute header
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
unsigned char *buf;
int len;
int count;
int ret;
if ((nlmsg_type == 0) || (!nla_data) || (nla_len <= 0))
{
return -1;
}
len = nla_len;
buf = genlmsg_alloc(&len);
if (!buf)
return -1;
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = len;
nlh->nlmsg_type = nlmsg_type;
nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
nlh->nlmsg_seq = 0;
nlh->nlmsg_pid = nlmsg_pid;
glh = (struct genlmsghdr *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
glh->cmd = genl_cmd;
glh->version = genl_version;
nla = (struct nlattr *)GENLMSG_DATA(glh);
nla->nla_type = nla_type;
nla->nla_len = nla_attr_size(nla_len);
memcpy(NLA_DATA(nla), nla_data, nla_len);
memset(&nladdr, 0, sizeof(nladdr));
nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
count = 0;
ret = 0;
do {
ret = sendto(sockfd, &buf[count], len - count, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&nladdr, sizeof(nladdr));
if (ret < 0)
{
if (errno != EAGAIN)
{
count = -1;
goto out;
}
}
else
{
count += ret;
}
}while (count < len);
out:
genlmsg_free(buf);
LOGC("send return %d", count);
return count;
}
/**
*
* @param sockfd generic netlink socket fd
* @param buf the 'buf' is including the struct nlmsghdr,
* struct genlmsghdr and struct nlattr
* @param len size of 'buf'
* @return >0 size of genlmsg
* <0 error occur
*/
static int genlmsg_recv(int sockfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)
{
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
struct msghdr msg;
struct iovec iov;
int ret;
nladdr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
nladdr.nl_pid = getpid();
nladdr.nl_groups = 0xffffffff;
iov.iov_base = buf;
iov.iov_len = len;
msg.msg_name = (void *)&nladdr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(nladdr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
msg.msg_control = NULL;
msg.msg_controllen = 0;
msg.msg_flags = 0;
ret = recvmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
ret = ret > 0 ? ret : -1;
LOGC("recv return %d", ret);
return ret;
}
static int genlmsg_dispatch(struct nlmsghdr *nlmsghdr, unsigned int nlh_len,
int nlmsg_type, int nla_type, unsigned char *buf, int *len)
{
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
struct genlmsghdr *glh;
struct nlattr *nla;
int nla_len;
int l;
int i;
int ret = -1;
if (!nlmsghdr || !buf || !len)
return -1;
LOGC("nlmsg_type = %d", nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type);
if (nlmsg_type && (nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type != nlmsg_type))
return -1;
for (nlh = nlmsghdr; NLMSG_OK(nlh, nlh_len); nlh = NLMSG_NEXT(nlh, nlh_len))
{
/* The end of multipart message. */
if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE)
{
LOGC("get NLMSG_DONE");
ret = 0;
break;
}
if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR)
{
LOGC("get NLMSG_ERROR");
ret = -1;
break;
}
glh = (struct genlmsghdr *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
nla = (struct nlattr *)GENLMSG_DATA(glh); //the first attribute
nla_len = nlh->nlmsg_len - GENL_HDRLEN; //len of attributes
for (i = 0; NLA_OK(nla, nla_len); nla = NLA_NEXT(nla, nla_len), ++i)
{
LOGC("%d. nla->nla_type = %d", i, nla->nla_type);
/* Match the family ID, copy the data to user */
if (nla_type == nla->nla_type)
{
l = nla->nla_len - NLA_HDRLEN; //data length in one attribute
*len = *len > l ? l : *len;
memcpy(buf, NLA_DATA(nla), *len);
ret = 0;
break;
}
}
}
return ret;
}
static int genlmsg_get_family_id(int sockfd, const char *family_name)
{
void *buf;
int len;
__u16 id;
int l;
int ret;
ret = genlmsg_send(sockfd, GENL_ID_CTRL, 0, CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY, 1,
CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME, family_name, strlen(family_name) + 1);
if (ret < 0)
return -1;
len = 256;
buf = genlmsg_alloc(&len);
if (!buf)
return -1;
len = genlmsg_recv(sockfd, buf, len);
if (len < 0)
return len;
id = 0;
l = sizeof(id);
genlmsg_dispatch((struct nlmsghdr *)buf, len, 0, CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_ID, (unsigned char *)&id, &l);
genlmsg_free(buf);
return id > 0 ? id : -1;
}
static void genlmsg_close(int sockfd)
{
if (sockfd >= 0)
close(sockfd);
}
#define BUF_SIZE 256
static int test_netlink_multicast(void)
{
int sockfd = -1;
unsigned char buf[BUF_SIZE];
int len;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
int id;
int ret;
len = BUF_SIZE;
nlh = genlmsg_alloc(&len);
if (!nlh)
return -1;
sockfd = genlmsg_open();
if (sockfd < 0)
{
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
id = genlmsg_get_family_id(sockfd, "DOC_EXMPL");
LOGC("get family ID[%d]", id);
if (id <= 0)
{
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
ret = genlmsg_recv(sockfd, (unsigned char *)nlh, len);
LOGC("recv return %d", ret);
if (ret > 0)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
len = sizeof(buf);
ret = genlmsg_dispatch(nlh, ret, id, DOC_EXMPL_A_MSG, buf, &len);
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("get: %s\n", buf);
}
}
out:
genlmsg_close(sockfd);
genlmsg_free(nlh);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/*
* test netlink broadcast
*/
test_netlink_multicast();
return 0;
}七、参考
https://lwn.net/Articles/208755/
https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/generic_netlink_howto#architectural-overview
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/jE7nim
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