面七讲我们基本上介绍完了 Zookeeper C API 的所有内容,本文将结合一个小例子讲讲如何在你的实际项目中使用 Zookeeper 服务。设想如下场景:假设程序 A 需要 7* 24 小时在线对外提供服务,但是 A 程序在生产环境下总是不稳定,时常崩溃,不过幸运的是解决方案很简单,在 A 程序崩溃以后只需要重启它就可以了。当然如此简单的问题你可以提出多种解决方案,比方说自己实现一个服务程序,每隔一定时间去轮询 A 的状态,如果发现 A 崩溃了,立即重启它,并向管理人员报告问题。不过我们并不打算这么做,毕竟本文主题是讲 Zookeeper C API 的应用,所以我们采用 Zookeeper 服务来解决该问题。若采用 Zookeeper 服务可以按照如下方案解决问题,程序 A 在启动时创建一个临时(ZOO_EPHEMERAL) znode 节点 /A,然后按照正常流程对外提供服务。另外监控程序对 /A 节点设置监视,当 /A 节点消失(说明 A 程序已经崩溃)时,重启 A 程序。假设 A 的名称是 QueryServer,即对外提供查询服务的程序,具体提供什么查询服务由应用自身决定,我们这里只是简单地模拟一下。QueryServer 在启动时创建一个 /QueryServer 的临时节点(ZOO_EPHEMERAL),然后,程序 QueryServerd 监控 /QueryServer 节点,当 /QueryServer 节点消失(说明 A 程序已经崩溃)时,重启 QueryServer 程序。下面是 QueryServer 的实现代码:
/*
* =============================================================================
*
* Filename: QueryServer.c
*
* Description: QueryServer
*
* Created: 02/15/2013 08:48:49 PM
*
* Author: Fu Haiping (forhappy), haipingf@gmail.com
* Company: ICT ( Institute Of Computing Technology, CAS )
*
* =============================================================================
*/
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <zookeeper/zookeeper.h>
#include <zookeeper/zookeeper_log.h>
void QueryServer_watcher_g(zhandle_t* zh, int type, int state,
const char* path, void* watcherCtx)
{
if (type == ZOO_SESSION_EVENT) {
if (state == ZOO_CONNECTED_STATE) {
printf("[[[QueryServer]]] Connected to zookeeper service successfully!\n");
} else if (state == ZOO_EXPIRED_SESSION_STATE) {
printf("Zookeeper session expired!\n");
}
}
}
void QueryServer_string_completion(int rc, const char *name, const void *data)
{
fprintf(stderr, "[%s]: rc = %d\n", (char*)(data==0?"null":data), rc);
if (!rc) {
fprintf(stderr, "\tname = %s\n", name);
}
}
void QueryServer_accept_query()
{
printf("QueryServer is running...\n");
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
const char* host = "127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,"
"127.0.0.1:2183,127.0.0.1:2184,127.0.0.1:2185";
int timeout = 30000;
zoo_set_debug_level(ZOO_LOG_LEVEL_WARN);
zhandle_t* zkhandle = zookeeper_init(host,
QueryServer_watcher_g, timeout, 0, "hello zookeeper.", 0);
if (zkhandle == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error when connecting to zookeeper servers...\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// struct ACL ALL_ACL[] = {{ZOO_PERM_ALL, ZOO_ANYONE_ID_UNSAFE}};
// struct ACL_vector ALL_PERMS = {1, ALL_ACL};
int ret = zoo_acreate(zkhandle, "/QueryServer", "alive", 5,
&ZOO_OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, ZOO_EPHEMERAL,
QueryServer_string_completion, "zoo_acreate");
if (ret) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d for %s\n", ret, "acreate");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
do {
// 模拟 QueryServer 对外提供服务.
// 为了简单起见, 我们在此调用一个简单的函数来模拟 QueryServer.
// 然后休眠 5 秒,程序主动退出(即假设此时已经崩溃).
QueryServer_accept_query();
sleep(5);
} while(false);
zookeeper_close(zkhandle);
}
QueryServerd 代码如下:
/*
* =============================================================================
*
* Filename: QueryServerd.c
*
* Description: QueryServer daemon using zookeeper.
*
* Created: 02/15/2013 08:48:49 PM
*
* Author: Fu Haiping (forhappy), haipingf@gmail.com
* Company: ICT ( Institute Of Computing Technology, CAS )
*
* =============================================================================
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <zookeeper/zookeeper.h>
#include <zookeeper/zookeeper_log.h>
void QueryServerd_watcher_global(zhandle_t * zh, int type, int state,
const char *path, void *watcherCtx);
static void QueryServerd_dump_stat(const struct Stat *stat);
void QueryServerd_stat_completion(int rc, const struct Stat *stat,
const void *data);
void QueryServerd_watcher_awexists(zhandle_t *zh, int type, int state,
const char *path, void *watcherCtx);
static void QueryServerd_awexists(zhandle_t *zh);
void
QueryServerd_watcher_global(zhandle_t * zh, int type, int state,
const char *path, void *watcherCtx)
{
if (type == ZOO_SESSION_EVENT) {
if (state == ZOO_CONNECTED_STATE) {
printf("Connected to zookeeper service successfully!\n");
} else if (state == ZOO_EXPIRED_SESSION_STATE) {
printf("Zookeeper session expired!\n");
}
}
}
static void
QueryServerd_dump_stat(const struct Stat *stat)
{
char tctimes[40];
char tmtimes[40];
time_t tctime;
time_t tmtime;
if (!stat) {
fprintf(stderr, "null\n");
return;
}
tctime = stat->ctime / 1000;
tmtime = stat->mtime / 1000;
ctime_r(&tmtime, tmtimes);
ctime_r(&tctime, tctimes);
fprintf(stderr, "\tctime = %s\tczxid=%llx\n"
"\tmtime=%s\tmzxid=%llx\n"
"\tversion=%x\taversion=%x\n"
"\tephemeralOwner = %llx\n",
tctimes, stat->czxid,
tmtimes, stat->mzxid,
(unsigned int) stat->version, (unsigned int) stat->aversion,
stat->ephemeralOwner);
}
void
QueryServerd_stat_completion(int rc, const struct Stat *stat,
const void *data)
{
// fprintf(stderr, "%s: rc = %d Stat:\n", (char *) data, rc);
// QueryServerd_dump_stat(stat);
}
void
QueryServerd_watcher_awexists(zhandle_t *zh, int type, int state,
const char *path, void *watcherCtx)
{
if (state == ZOO_CONNECTED_STATE) {
if (type == ZOO_DELETED_EVENT) {
printf("QueryServer gone away, restart now...\n");
// re-exists and set watch on /QueryServer again.
QueryServerd_awexists(zh);
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error when doing fork.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (pid == 0) { /* child process */
// 重启 QueryServer 服务.
execl("/tmp/QueryServer/QueryServer", "QueryServer", NULL);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
sleep(1); /* sleep 1 second for purpose. */
} else if (type == ZOO_CREATED_EVENT) {
printf("QueryServer started...\n");
}
}
// re-exists and set watch on /QueryServer again.
QueryServerd_awexists(zh);
}
static void
QueryServerd_awexists(zhandle_t *zh)
{
int ret =
zoo_awexists(zh, "/QueryServer",
QueryServerd_watcher_awexists,
"QueryServerd_awexists.",
QueryServerd_stat_completion,
"zoo_awexists");
if (ret) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d for %s\n", ret, "aexists");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
int
main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
const char *host = "127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,"
"127.0.0.1:2183,127.0.0.1:2184,127.0.0.1:2185";
int timeout = 30000;
zoo_set_debug_level(ZOO_LOG_LEVEL_WARN);
zhandle_t *zkhandle = zookeeper_init(host,
QueryServerd_watcher_global,
timeout,
0, "QueryServerd", 0);
if (zkhandle == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error when connecting to zookeeper servers...\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
QueryServerd_awexists(zkhandle);
// Wait for asynchronous zookeeper call done.
getchar();
zookeeper_close(zkhandle);
return 0;
}