木舟0基础学习Java的第二十七天(JavaWeb,Jsp,jstl,el表达式，拦截器，监听器)

A canoe

已于 2024-09-15 09:46:05 修改

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文章标签： java 学习开发语言

于 2024-09-11 17:42:43 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tzh525/article/details/141956872

版权

Jsp

Java Server Pages java服务器页面底层为简化的Servlet 支持跨平台

Jsp使用

导包

import="com.io.* //如果需要导入多个包用逗号隔开

Session

session="true"//session默认不支持将其改为true就支持了

当页面出错时自动跳转

errorPage="error.jsp"//页面出错会跳转到error.jsp页面

在jsp中写Java

<%%>//强制要求按该格式写

例：

<%
    System.out.println(1/0);
%>

//会跳转到error.jsp页面

在jsp中写成员变量

<%! %>//要在第一个%后加！

引入jsp模板

<%@ include file="error.jsp"%>

jsp跳转servlet取值

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath(); //获取当前工程的根目录
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort();
%>
<html>
<head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>"><!--这个让此文件下的路径都相对于当前工程开始-->
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
%>
<jsp:forward page="ServletA">
    <jsp:param name="uname" value="张三"/>
</jsp:forward>
</body>
</html>

@WebServlet("/ServletA")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        String uname = req.getParameter("uname");
        resp.getWriter().println("取到a.jsp中传来的数据："+uname);
        System.out.println(uname);
    }
}

jsp九大内置对象

pageContext：上下文对象作用于当前页面

request：封装当前请求数据的对象一次请求由tomcat服务器创建

response：响应客户端信息

session：存储一次会话将数据一次请求流转给其他请求一个用户的不同请求共享数据

application：相当于ServletContext 存储不同用户的共享数据将数据从一个用户流转给其他用户

out：(效率高)jsp的响应对象相当于resp.getWrite.write()

page：当前的对象相当于java中的this关键字

exception：异常

config：相当于ServletConfig

jstl el表达式（建议百度）

通过el表达式取值

<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page import="com.pojo.T_Stu" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath(); //获取当前工程的根目录
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort();
%>
<html>
<head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>"><!--这个让此文件下的路径都相对于当前工程开始-->
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
    ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList();
    list.add("黑");
    list.add("吉");
    list.add("辽");
    session.setAttribute("list",list);
    HashMap<String,Integer> map=new HashMap();
    map.put("a",10);
    map.put("b",20);
    map.put("c",30);
    session.setAttribute("map",map);
    ArrayList<T_Stu> stu=new ArrayList();
    stu.add(new T_Stu("张三","333"));
    stu.add(new T_Stu("李四","444"));
    stu.add(new T_Stu("王五","555"));
    session.setAttribute("stu",stu);
%>
${list.get(0)}${list.get(1)}${list.get(2)}
${map.a}${map.b}${map.c}
${stu}
</body>
</html>

jstl表达式

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

需要导入jar包支持

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath(); //获取当前工程的根目录
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/"; //项目url根目录
%>
<html>
<head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <!--这个让此文件下的路径都相对于当前工程开始-->
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.js"></script>
<script>
    $(function () {
        $.get("AjaxServlet",{"name":"张三","age":12},
        function (data){
            alert(data)

        })
    })
</script>
<body>

</body>
</html>

@WebServlet("/AjaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");
        System.out.println(name+"----"+age);
        resp.getWriter().write("AjaxServlet响应");
    }
}

优先级

pageContext > request > session > application

拦截器

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath(); //获取当前工程的根目录
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/"; //项目url根目录
%>
<html>
<head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <!--这个让此文件下的路径都相对于当前工程开始-->
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
欢迎${uname}登录
</body>
</html>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath(); //获取当前工程的根目录
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/"; //项目url根目录
%>
<html>
<head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <!--这个让此文件下的路径都相对于当前工程开始-->
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" id="loginForm">
用户名：<input type="text" name="uname" id="uname">
    <button type="button" onclick="Loogin()">登录</button>
</form>
<script src="js/user.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</body>
</html>

function Loogin() {
    var uname=document.getElementById("uname").value
    alert(uname);
    if(uname!=null&&uname.trim()!=null){
        document.getElementById("loginForm").submit();
    }
}

@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("用户登录");
        String uname = req.getParameter("uname");
        System.out.println(uname);
        //判断用户名
        if("admin".equals(uname)) {
            req.getSession().setAttribute("uname", uname);
            //重定向
            resp.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
        }else{
            req.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(req, resp);
        }
    }
}

@WebFilter("/*")
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("LoginFilter初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("LoginFilter正在拦截");
        //基于Http请求的
        HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest)servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse resp=(HttpServletResponse)servletResponse;
        //filterChain.doFilter(req,resp);//放行所有
        //当用户没有登陆时 拦截请求 跳转到登录页面
        //resp.sendRedirect("login.jsp");//这段代码也是请求 会多次请求 又进到过滤器无限循环

        //指定放行页面 静态资源 登录注册页面都要放行
        //先获取请求的路径
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        //登录页面放行
        if(uri.contains("login.jsp")){
            filterChain.doFilter(req,resp);
            return;
        }
        //静态资源放行
        if(uri.contains("/js")||uri.contains("/css")||uri.contains("/img")||uri.contains("/html")){
            filterChain.doFilter(req,resp);
            return;
        }
        if(uri.contains("/login")){
            filterChain.doFilter(req,resp);
            return;
        }
        String uname =(String)req.getSession().getAttribute("uname");
        if(uname!=null){
            filterChain.doFilter(req,resp);
            return;
        }
        resp.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("LoginFilter销毁");
    }
}

监听器

@WebListener("/MyRequestLisenter")
public class MyRequestLisenter implements ServletRequestListener {

    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        System.out.println("销毁");
        ServletRequest request = sre.getServletRequest();
        HttpServletRequest req =(HttpServletRequest) request;//必须执行这一步
        try {
            req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String age = req.getParameter("pwd");
        System.out.println(name+"-------"+age);
    }

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        System.out.println("初始化。。。程序运行先执行这个");
    }
}

@WebListener
public class OnlineListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    //在线人数初始化
    private Integer onlineNumber=0;
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        onlineNumber++;
        //将人数通过 se 设置到session中
        //se.getSession().setAttribute("onlineNumber", onlineNumber);
        //保证同步需要设置在servletContext作用域中
        se.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("onlineNumber", onlineNumber);
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        onlineNumber--;
        //将人数通过 se 设置到session中
        //se.getSession().setAttribute("onlineNumber", onlineNumber);
        //保证同步需要设置在servletContext作用域中
        se.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("onlineNumber", onlineNumber);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/online")
public class OnlineServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String key = req.getParameter("key");
        System.out.println(key);
        if(key!=null && "logout".equals(key)){
            session.invalidate();
            return;
        }
        Integer onlineNumber =(Integer)session.getServletContext().getAttribute("onlineNumber");
        resp.getWriter().write("<h2>当前在线人数</h2>:"+onlineNumber+"<a href='online?key=logout'>退出</a>");
    }
}