Spring Boot 初级入门教程（十二） —— 运行、测试、打包过程中碰到的各种错误

错误一：Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) on project test-springboot: Compilation failure

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) on project test-springboot: Compilation failure: Compilation failure:
[ERROR] /D:/workspace/workspace-sts-3.9.4.RELEASE-x86/test-springboot/src/main/java/com/menglanglang/test/springboot/controller/TestController.java:[3,17] 程序包org.junit不存在
[ERROR] /D:/workspace/workspace-sts-3.9.4.RELEASE-x86/test-springboot/src/main/java/com/menglanglang/test/springboot/controller/TestController.java:[4,24] 程序包org.junit.runner不存在
[ERROR] /D:/workspace/workspace-sts-3.9.4.RELEASE-x86/test-springboot/src/main/java/com/menglanglang/test/springboot/controller/TestController.java:[18,2] 找不到符号
[ERROR] 符号: 类 RunWith
[ERROR] /D:/workspace/workspace-sts-3.9.4.RELEASE-x86/test-springboot/src/main/java/com/menglanglang/test/springboot/controller/TestController.java:[22,10] 找不到符号
[ERROR] 符号:   类 Test
[ERROR] 位置: 类 com.menglanglang.test.springboot.controller.TestController
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) on project test-springboot: Compilation failure
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:212)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:116)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:80)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:307)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:863)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:288)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:199)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.compiler.CompilationFailureException: Compilation failure
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.compiler.AbstractCompilerMojo.execute(AbstractCompilerMojo.java:858)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.compiler.CompilerMojo.execute(CompilerMojo.java:129)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:134)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:207)
	... 20 more
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException

如果出现上面的错误，可以这样操作：选中项目-》菜单 project -》Clean，让项目重新编译一次，再次打包，这个错误就消失了。

错误二：webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode)

在打 war 包的过程中，如果提示如下错误：

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.2:war (default-war) on project test-springboot: Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode) -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.2:war (default-war) on project test-springboot: Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:212)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:116)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:80)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:307)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:863)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:288)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:199)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException: Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.war.WarMojo.execute(WarMojo.java:193)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:134)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:207)
	... 20 more
Caused by: org.codehaus.plexus.archiver.ArchiverException: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.archiver.war.WarArchiver.initZipOutputStream(WarArchiver.java:148)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.archiver.zip.AbstractZipArchiver.createArchiveMain(AbstractZipArchiver.java:309)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.archiver.zip.AbstractZipArchiver.execute(AbstractZipArchiver.java:211)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.archiver.AbstractArchiver.createArchive(AbstractArchiver.java:897)
	at org.apache.maven.archiver.MavenArchiver.createArchive(MavenArchiver.java:582)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.war.WarMojo.performPackaging(WarMojo.java:243)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.war.WarMojo.execute(WarMojo.java:177)
	... 22 more
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

说明项目的 WEB-INF 目录下找不到 web.xml 文件，有两种解决方式。

一种就是直接在该目录下创建 web.xml 文件，做 web 项目应该知道，这个配置文件很重要。

还有一种方式，即就是不创建这个文件，要想打包成功，就必须在 pom 文件中添加如下配置：

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<!-- 。。。项目其它配置。。。 -->
			<!-- 项目打war包提示缺少web.xml，不在项目创建该文件时，添加如下配置 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.6</version>
				<configuration>
					<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<!-- 。。。项目其它配置。。。 -->
		</plugins>
		<!-- 。。。项目其它配置。。。 -->
	</build>

错误三：pom.xml 首行报 Unknown 错误

有时候在修改了 SpringBoot 的版本后，pom.xml 文件提示 Unknown 错误，比如从 2.1.5.RELEASE 升级到 2.1.6.RELEASE 时就发生错误，错误如下：

一般来说这个现象应该只在STS（Spring Tool Suite）或者 Eclipse 等类似开发环境中出现，原因是 SpringBoot 版本升级时，maven jar 插件的版本号也升级了造成的问题，有些 IDE 对插件不兼容。

如果出现该错误，可以修改 pom.xml 配置文件，配置 maven jar 插件的版本号即可修复此问题，配置如下：

代码如下：

		<!-- 指定maven-jar-plugin版本，解决子model项目pom文件的Unknown错误 -->
		<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>

其它错误待补充中。。。