Subsets

Given a set of distinct integers, nums, return all possible subsets.

Note:

• Elements in a subset must be in non-descending order.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate subsets.

For example,
If nums = [1,2,3], a solution is:

[
  [3],
  [1],
  [2],
  [1,2,3],
  [1,3],
  [2,3],
  [1,2],
  []
]

解答：

1.我的解法，回溯（注意：要先对nums排序，否则后面会乱）

class Solution {
public:
    void subset(vector<vector<int>>& res, vector<int> nums, vector<int>& vec, int begin){
            res.push_back(vec);
            
        for(int i = begin; i < nums.size(); i++){
            vec.push_back(nums[i]);
            subset(res,nums,vec,i+1);
            vec.pop_back();
        }
    }
    vector<vector<int>> subsets(vector<int>& nums) {
        sort(nums.begin(),nums.end());
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        vector<int> vec;
        int begin = 0;
        subset(res, nums,vec,begin);
        return res;
    }
};

2.别人的方法。迭代

（这是别人的代码，尊重作者的劳动成果！）

假设对[1,2,3]

1. Initially: [[]]
2. Adding the first number to all the existed subsets: [[], [1]];
3. Adding the second number to all the existed subsets: [[], [1], [2], [1, 2]];
4. Adding the third number to all the existed subsets: [[], [1], [2], [1, 2], [3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3]].

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> subsets(vector<int>& nums) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        vector<vector<int>> subs(1, vector<int>());
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
            int n = subs.size();
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                subs.push_back(subs[j]); 
                subs.back().push_back(nums[i]);
            }
        }
        return subs;
    }
}; 

3.位处理（这是别人的代码，尊重作者的劳动成果！）

There is also another a way to visualize this idea. That is, if we use the above example, 1appears once in every two consecutive subsets, 2 appears twice in every four consecutive subsets, and 3 appears four times in every eight subsets, shown in the following (initially the 8subsets are all empty):

[], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

[], [1], [], [1], [], [1], [], [1]

[], [1], [2], [1, 2], [], [1], [2], [1, 2]

[], [1], [2], [1, 2], [3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3]

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> subsets(vector<int>& nums) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        int num_subset = pow(2, nums.size()); 
        vector<vector<int> > res(num_subset, vector<int>());
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < num_subset; j++)
                if ((j >> i) & 1)
                    res[j].push_back(nums[i]);
        return res;  
    }
};