29. Divide Two Integers

Divide two integers without using multiplication, division and mod operator.

If it is overflow, return MAX_INT.

解答：

这里答案是参考别人的，顾把别人的答案放上来。

Suppose we want to divide 15 by 3, so 15 is dividend and 3 is divisor. Well, division simply requires us to find how many times we can subtract the divisor from the the dividendwithout making the dividend negative.

Let's get started. We subtract 3 from 15 and we get 12, which is positive. Let's try to subtract more. Well, we shift 3 to the left by 1 bit and we get 6. Subtracting 6 from 15 still gives a positive result. Well, we shift again and get 12. We subtract 12 from 15 and it is still positive. We shift again, obtaining 24 and we know we can at most subtract 12. Well, since 12 is obtained by shifting 3 to left twice, we know it is 4 times of 3. How do we obtain this 4? Well, we start from 1 and shift it to left twice at the same time. We add 4 to an answer (initialized to be 0). In fact, the above process is like 15 = 3 * 4 + 3. We now get part of the quotient (4), with a remainder 3.

Then we repeat the above process again. We subtract divisor = 3 from the remainingdividend = 3 and obtain 0. We know we are done. No shift happens, so we simply add 1 << 0 to the answer.

Now we have the full algorithm to perform division.

According to the problem statement, we need to handle some exceptions, such as overflow.

Well, two cases may cause overflow:

1. divisor = 0;
2. dividend = INT_MIN and divisor = -1 (because abs(INT_MIN) = INT_MAX + 1).

Of course, we also need to take the sign into considerations, which is relatively easy.

这里的常识有两个：

INT_MAX =  2147483647

INT_MIN = -2147483648

注意：INT_MIN*(-1) =  -2147483648

参考代码为：

class Solution {
public:
    int divide(int dividend, int divisor) {
        if((divisor==0) || (dividend == INT_MIN) &&(divisor == -1))
        return INT_MAX;
        int sign = ((dividend < 0) ^ (divisor < 0)) ==1?(-1):1;
        long long divid = labs(dividend);
        long long divis = labs(divisor);
        int count = 0;
        while(divid >= divis){
            int count_part = 1;
            long sum = divis;
            while((sum<<1) <= divid){
                sum = sum << 1;
                count_part <<= 1;
            }
            divid -= sum;
            count +=count_part;
        }
        return sign*count;
    }
};