flask源码剖析之工作流程

一直在用flask写一些小型的后台服务。有余力之下，去研究了一下flask的源码。不得不赞叹flask对于python的运用之炉火纯青。下面开始分析。

flask框架使用了库werkzeug，werkzeug是基于WSGI的，WSGI是什么呢？（Web Server Gateway Interface），WSGI是一个协议，通俗翻译Web服务器网关接口，该协议把接收自客户端的所有请求都转交给这个对象处理。

基于如上背景知识，这里不只是研究了flask的源码，也会把涉及到的werkzeug库的源码，以及werkzeug库使用到的python基本库的源码列出来，力求能够把整个逻辑给陈列清楚。

服务类

Flask：

  应用程序类，该类直接面向用户。所有的Flask程序都必须创建这样一个程序实例。简单点儿可以app=Flask(__name__),Flask可以利用这个参数决定程序的根目录。

  * 类成员：

    Request

    Response

  * 类方法：

    run

run方法调用werkzeug库中的一个run_simple函数来启动BaseWSGIServer。

def run_simple(hostname, port, application, use_reloader=False,
               use_debugger=False, use_evalex=True,
               extra_files=None, reloader_interval=1,
               reloader_type='auto', threaded=False,
               processes=1, request_handler=None, static_files=None,
               passthrough_errors=False, ssl_context=None):
    if use_debugger:
        from werkzeug.debug import DebuggedApplication
        application = DebuggedApplication(application, use_evalex)
    if static_files:
        from werkzeug.wsgi import SharedDataMiddleware
        application = SharedDataMiddleware(application, static_files)

    def inner():
        try:
            fd = int(os.environ['WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD'])
        except (LookupError, ValueError):
            fd = None
        make_server(hostname, port, application, threaded,
                    processes, request_handler,
                    passthrough_errors, ssl_context,
                    fd=fd).serve_forever()

    if use_reloader:
        # If we're not running already in the subprocess that is the
        # reloader we want to open up a socket early to make sure the
        # port is actually available.
        if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') != 'true':
            if port == 0 and not can_open_by_fd:
                raise ValueError('Cannot bind to a random port with enabled '
                                 'reloader if the Python interpreter does '
                                 'not support socket opening by fd.')

            # Create and destroy a socket so that any exceptions are
            # raised before we spawn a separate Python interpreter and
            # lose this ability.
            address_family = select_ip_version(hostname, port)
            s = socket.socket(address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
            s.bind((hostname, port))
            if hasattr(s, 'set_inheritable'):
                s.set_inheritable(True)

            # If we can open the socket by file descriptor, then we can just
            # reuse this one and our socket will survive the restarts.
            if can_open_by_fd:
                os.environ['WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD'] = str(s.fileno())
                s.listen(LISTEN_QUEUE)
            else:
                s.close()

        from ._reloader import run_with_reloader
        run_with_reloader(inner, extra_files, reloader_interval,
                          reloader_type)
    else:
        inner()

make_server创建