设计模式笔记-单例模式

1、懒汉式

(1)线程不安全

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

缺点：不支持多线程。

（2）线程安全

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

优点：第一次调用才初始化，避免浪费内存；

缺点：必须加synchronized才能保证单列，会影响效率；

2、饿汉式

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return singleton;
    }
}

优点：没有加锁执行效率高；

缺点：类加载是就初始化，浪费内存。

3、双检锁

public class Singleton {
    private volatile static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (singleton == null) {
                    singleton = new Singleton();
                }
            }

        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

优点：在多线程情况下能保持高性能。

4、登记式/静态内部类

public class Singleton {
    private static class Holder {
        private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
    }

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return Holder.INSTANCE;
    }
}

优点：延迟加载。