Android5.0 源码分析--- Launcher启动应用的过程

什么是Launcher？就是我们平常见到的桌面，在桌面上有许多的图标，点击图标后便会启动应用。
Launcher也是一个Activity
我们在5.0的源码包下发现了Luancher 2 和Luancher 3两个文件夹中均有Launcher.java这个文件
这里我们以Luancher 3为研究对象，来看Luancher是如何启动Activity的，首先我们进入到Luancher的点击事件中：

    public void onClick(View v) {
        //............
        Object tag = v.getTag();
        if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) {
            onClickAppShortcut(v);
        } else if (tag instanceof FolderInfo) {
            if (v instanceof FolderIcon) {
                onClickFolderIcon(v);
            }
        } else if (v == mAllAppsButton) {
            onClickAllAppsButton(v);
        } else if (tag instanceof AppInfo) {
            startAppShortcutOrInfoActivity(v);
        } else if (tag instanceof LauncherAppWidgetInfo) {
            if (v instanceof PendingAppWidgetHostView) {
                onClickPendingWidget((PendingAppWidgetHostView) v);
            }
        }
    }

相对于Android 2.0中的Luancher来说5.0中新增添了不少的花样，我们只用去关注它是如何启动我们应用就可以了，跟进每一个函数后我们会发现，要启动应用的核心函数是startAppShortcutOrInfoActivity：

    private void startAppShortcutOrInfoActivity(View v) {
        Object tag = v.getTag();
        final ShortcutInfo shortcut;
        final Intent intent;
        if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) {
            shortcut = (ShortcutInfo) tag;
            intent = shortcut.intent;
            int[] pos = new int[2];
            v.getLocationOnScreen(pos);
            intent.setSourceBounds(new Rect(pos[0], pos[1],
                    pos[0] + v.getWidth(), pos[1] + v.getHeight()));

        } else if (tag instanceof AppInfo) {
            shortcut = null;
            intent = ((AppInfo) tag).intent;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Input must be a Shortcut or AppInfo");
        }

        boolean success = startActivitySafely(v, intent, tag);
        mStats.recordLaunch(intent, shortcut);

        if (success && v instanceof BubbleTextView) {
            mWaitingForResume = (BubbleTextView) v;
            mWaitingForResume.setStayPressed(true);
        }
    }

很明显我们在函数中是通过startActivitySafely这个函数来启动Activity

    boolean startActivitySafely(View v, Intent intent, Object tag) {
        boolean success = false;
        if (mIsSafeModeEnabled && !Utilities.isSystemApp(this, intent)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.safemode_shortcut_error, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return false;
        }
        try {
            success = startActivity(v, intent, tag);
        } catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.activity_not_found, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to launch. tag=" + tag + " intent=" + intent, e);
        }
        return success;
    }

这里在前面做了一个小小的安全检查，两个字不管，继续到try cathch中，这里才是重要角色：

success = startActivity(v, intent, tag);

进入到startActivity中：

    public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
        this.startActivity(intent, null);
    }

再跟进：

    public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (options != null) {
            startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
        } else {
            // Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
            // applications that may have overridden the method.
            startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
        }
    }

因为我们是启动应用所以不会有任何结果返回继而执行else中语句startActivityForResult：

    public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (mParent == null) {
            Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
                mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                    this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
                    intent, requestCode, options);
            if (ar != null) {
                mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
                    mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
                    ar.getResultData());
            }
            if (requestCode >= 0) {
                mStartedActivity = true;
            }

            final View decor = mWindow != null ? mWindow.peekDecorView() : null;
            if (decor != null) {
                decor.cancelPendingInputEvents();
            }
        } else {
            if (options != null) {
                mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
            } else {
                // Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
                // existing applications that may have overridden it.
                mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
            }
        }
        if (options != null && !isTopOfTask()) {
            mActivityTransitionState.startExitOutTransition(this, options);
        }
    }

着重看这一句：

            Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
                mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                    this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
                    intent, requestCode, options);

mInstrumentation它是一个Instrumentation的实例 主要的作用是Instrumentation是执行application instrumentation代码的基类。当应用程序运行的时候instrumentation处于开启，Instrumentation将在任何应用程序运行前初始化，可以通过它监测系统与应用程序之间的交互。一个应用程序中只有一个Instrumentation对象，每个Activity内部都有一个该对象的引用。Instrumentation可以理解为应用进程的管家， ActivityThread要创建或者暂停某 个 Activity时，是 通 过 这 个“ 管家” 进行的，设置这个管家的好处是可以统计所有的“ 开销”，开销的信息保存在“ 管家” 那里。其实正如其名称所示，Instrumentation就是为了 “测量”、 “统计”，因为管家掌握了所有的“ 开销”，自然也就具有了统计的功能。当然，Instrumentation类 和 ActivityThread的分工是有本质区别的，后者就像是这个家里的主人，负责创建这个“家庭”，并负责和外界打交道，比如 接 收AMS的通知等。
我们来看下execStartActivity中的实现：

    public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
            Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
            Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
        IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
        //.......
        try {
            intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
            intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
            int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
                .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                        intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                        token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                        requestCode, 0, null, options);
            checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
        }
        return null;
    }

看一下传入的参数who 就是当前的上下文 第二个参数就是当前应用程序所在的主线程 第三个参数token是一个binder
execStartActivity主要是调用的

    int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
                .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                        intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                        token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                        requestCode, 0, null, options);

ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()方法返回一个ActivityManagerProxy对象调用了startActivity方法：
我们关注下其中一个参数：target.mEmbeddedID Intent-Filter中的有一个mimeType . 它的作用是告诉Android系统本Activity可以处理的文件的类型。如设置为 “text/plain”表示可以处理“.txt”文件。
如果没有那么就是null
我们在研究源码时一定要注意参数之间的相互传递，一定要做到心中有数，不然跟进几层后就晕头转向了。
下面看下ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startActivity的实现：

    public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
            String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
            int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException {
        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
        Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
        data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
        data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
        data.writeString(callingPackage);
        intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
        data.writeString(resolvedType);
        data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
        data.writeString(resultWho);
        data.writeInt(requestCode);
        data.writeInt(startFlags);
        if (profilerInfo != null) {
            data.writeInt(1);
            profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
        } else {
            data.writeInt(0);
        }
        if (options != null) {
            data.writeInt(1);
            options.writeToParcel(data, 0);
        } else {
            data.writeInt(0);
        }
        mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
        reply.readException();
        int result = reply.readInt();
        reply.recycle();
        data.recycle();
        return result;
    }

很明显要和ActivityManagerNative通信肯定又要涉及到进程间的通信，我们在Pacel中准备了一些数据：
比如将intent写入到了Pacel data中，随后我们调用了

mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);

显然我们就进入到了ActivityManagerService的startActivity函数来了：

    public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
            Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
            int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) {
        return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
            resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, options,
            UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
    }

跟进startActivityAsUser函数：

    public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
            Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
            int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options, int userId) {
        enforceNotIsolatedCaller("s

tartActivity");
        userId = handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), userId,
                false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
        // TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
        return mStackSupervisor.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
                resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
                profilerInfo, null, null, options, userId, null, null);
    }

我们可以看到的是在ActivityManagerService中有一个成员变量叫做mStackSupervisor 在Luancher3中它的类型是ActivityStackSupervisor，相对于过去的Luancher 2中的ActivityStack，做了一些变化，ActivityStackSupervisor 类是用来辅助管理ActivityStack的，里面有mHomeStack，mFocusedStack 和 mLastFocusedStack，它们的类型都是ActivityStack ，ActivityStackSupervisor 中主要是对它们的调度算法的一些操作。
再次跟进startActivityMayWait：

    final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
            String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
            IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
            IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
            ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config,
            Bundle options, int userId, IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask) {
        // Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
        if (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");
        }
        boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;

        // Don't modify the client's object!
        intent = new Intent(intent);

        // Collect information about the target of the Intent.
        ActivityInfo aInfo = resolveActivity(intent, resolvedType, startFlags,
                profilerInfo, userId);

        ActivityContainer container = (ActivityContainer)iContainer;
        synchronized (mService) {
            final int realCallingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
            final int realCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
            int callingPid;
            if (callingUid >= 0) {
                callingPid = -1;
            } else if (caller == null) {
                callingPid = realCallingPid;
                callingUid = realCallingUid;
            } else {
                callingPid = callingUid = -1;
            }

            final ActivityStack stack;
            if (container == null || container.mStack.isOnHomeDisplay()) {
                stack = getFocusedStack();
            } else {
                stack = container.mStack;
            }
            stack.mConfigWillChange = config != null
                    && mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0;
            if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG,
                    "Starting activity when config will change = " + stack.mConfigWillChange);

            final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

            if (aInfo != null &&
                    (aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {
                // This may be a heavy-weight process!  Check to see if we already
                // have another, different heavy-weight process running.
                if (aInfo.processName.equals(aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName)) {
                    if (mService.mHeavyWeightProcess != null &&
                            (mService.mHeavyWeightProcess.info.uid != aInfo.applicationInfo.uid ||
                            !mService.mHeavyWeightProcess.processName.equals(aInfo.processName))) {
                        int appCallingUid = callingUid;
                        if (caller != null) {
                            ProcessRecord callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
                            if (callerApp != null) {
                                appCallingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
                            } else {
                                Slog.w(TAG, "Unable to find app for caller " + caller
                                      + " (pid=" + callingPid + ") when starting: "
                                      + intent.toString());
                                ActivityOptions.abort(options);
                                return ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED;
                            }
                        }

                        IIntentSender target = mService.getIntentSenderLocked(
                                ActivityManager.INTENT_SENDER_ACTIVITY, "android",
                                appCallingUid, userId, null, null, 0, new Intent[] { intent },
                                new String[] { resolvedType }, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT
                                | PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT, null);

                        Intent newIntent = new Intent();
                        if (requestCode >= 0) {
                            // Caller is requesting a result.
                            newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_HAS_RESULT, true);
                        }
                        newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_INTENT,
                                new IntentSender(target));
                        if (mService.mHeavyWeightProcess.activities.size() > 0) {
                            ActivityRecord hist = mService.mHeavyWeightProcess.activities.get(0);
                            newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_CUR_APP,
                                    hist.packageName);
                            newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_CUR_TASK,
                                    hist.task.taskId);
                        }
                        newIntent.putExtra(HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.KEY_NEW_APP,
                                aInfo.packageName);
                        newIntent.setFlags(intent.getFlags());
                        newIntent.setClassName("android",
                                HeavyWeightSwitcherActivity.class.getName());
                        intent = newIntent;
                        resolvedType = null;
                        caller = null;
                        callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
                        callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
                        componentSpecified = true;
                        try {
                            ResolveInfo rInfo =
                                AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
                                        intent, null,
                                        PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
                                        | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS, userId);
                            aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
                            aInfo = mService.getActivityInfoForUser(aInfo, userId);
                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
                            aInfo = null;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType, aInfo,
                    voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho,
                    requestCode, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage,
                    realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags, options,
                    componentSpecified, null, container, inTask);

            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);

            if (stack.mConfigWillChange) {
                // If the caller also wants to switch to a new configuration,
                // do so now.  This allows a clean switch, as we are waiting
                // for the current activity to pause (so we will not destroy
                // it), and have not yet started the next activity.
                mService.enforceCallingPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION,
                        "updateConfiguration()");
                stack.mConfigWillChange = false;
                if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG,
                        "Updating to new configuration after starting activity.");
                mService.updateConfigurationLocked(config, null, false, false);
            }

            if (outResult != null) {
                outResult.result = res;
                if (res == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
                    mWaitingActivityLaunched.add(outResult);
                    do {
                        try {
                            mService.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        }
                    } while (!outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
                } else if (res == ActivityManager.START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
                    ActivityRecord r = stack.topRunningActivityLocked(null);
                    if (r.nowVisible && r.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
                        outResult.timeout = false;
                        outResult.who = new ComponentName(r.info.packageName, r.info.name);
                        outResult.totalTime = 0;
                        outResult.thisTime = 0;
                    } else {
                        outResult.thisTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                        mWaitingActivityVisible.add(outResult);
                        do {
                            try {
                                mService.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            }
                        } while (!outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
                    }
                }
            }

            return res;
        }
    }

其中代码量比较大我们看关键的这一句：

                        try {
                            ResolveInfo rInfo =
                                AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
                                        intent, null,
                                        PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
                                        | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS, userId);
                            aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
                            aInfo = mService.getActivityInfoForUser(aInfo, userId);
                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
                            aInfo = null;
                        }

其实就是解析Intent中的获取启动Activity的相关信息：
那么多下面就可以进入到

            int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType, aInfo,
                    voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho,