理解Looper类
<span style="font-weight: normal;">private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}</span>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}</span>
在方法中,首先使用一个静态变量 sThreadLocal 它的类型是ThreadLoacal<T> 我们研究下为什么要使用这个模板类:
早在JDK 1.2的版本中就提供java.lang.ThreadLocal,ThreadLocal为解决多线程程序的并发问题提供了一种新的思路。使用这个工具类可以很简洁地编写出优美的多线程程序。当使用ThreadLocal维护变量时,ThreadLocal为每个使用该变量的线程提供独立的变量副本,所以每一个线程都可以独立地改变自己的副本,而不会影响其它线程所对应的副本。
先了解一下ThreadLocal类提供的几个方法:
<span style="font-weight: normal;">public T get() { }
public void set(T value) { }
public void remove() { }
protected T initialValue() { }</span>
get()方法是用来获取ThreadLocal在当前线程中保存的变量副本,set()用来设置当前线程中变量的副本,remove()用来移除当前线程中变量的副本,initialValue()是一个protected方法,一般是用来在使用时进行重写的,它是一个延迟加载方法,下面会详细说明。 下面是get方法的实现:
<span style="font-weight: normal;">public T get() {
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
Values values = values(currentThread);
if (values != null) {
Object[] table = values.table;
int index = hash & values.mask;
if (this.reference == table[index]) {
return (T) table[index + 1];
}
}else {
values = initializeValues(currentThread);
}
return (T) values.getAfterMiss(this);
}</span>
第一句是取得当前线程,然后通过getMap(t)方法获取到一个map,map的类型为ThreadLocalMap。然后接着下面获取到<key,value>键值对,注意这里获取键值对传进去的是 this,而不是当前线程t。 getMap中,是调用当期线程t,返回当前线程t中的一个成员变量threadLocals。如果获取成功,则返回value值。如果map为空,则调用setInitialValue方法返回value。
首先,在每个线程Thread内部有一个ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap类型的成员变量threadLocals,这个threadLocals就是用来存储实际的变量副本的,键值为当前ThreadLocal变量,value为变量副本(即T类型的变量)。
初始时,在Thread里面,threadLocals为空,当通过ThreadLocal变量调用get()方法或者set()方法,就会对Thread类中的threadLocals进行初始化,并且以当前ThreadLocal变量为键值,以ThreadLocal要保存的副本变量为value,存到threadLocals。
通过sThreadLocal 中的get 与set方法 我们做到了一个线程只有一个Looper与之相对应
在调用完成prepare后我们就创建了一个Looper对象
在我们的Android 应用启动时我们会创建一个主线程 同时会有一个Looper与之相对应
在Looper中我们有一个接口 获取主线程的Looper:
<span style="font-weight: normal;">public static Looper getMainLooper() {
synchronized (Looper.class) {
return sMainLooper;
}
}</span>
在创建好Looper后可以调用 Looper类的loop()方法进入一个无限的循环。loop()类是一个静态的方法,它里面有一个无限的for循环:
<span style="font-size:14px;"> public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}</span>
下面我们着重关注下
MessageQueue这个类的实现:
MessageQueue(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQuitAllowed = quitAllowed;
mPtr = nativeInit();
}
它的初始化工作都交给JNI方法nativeInit来实现了:
static void android_os_MessageQueue_nativeInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj) {
NativeMessageQueue* nativeMessageQueue = new NativeMessageQueue();
if (! nativeMessageQueue) {
jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "Unable to allocate native queue");
return;
}
android_os_MessageQueue_setNativeMessageQueue(env, obj, nativeMessageQueue);
}
在JNI中,也相应地创建了一个消息队列NativeMessageQueue:
NativeMessageQueue::NativeMessageQueue() {
mLooper = Looper::getForThread();
if (mLooper == NULL) {
mLooper = new Looper(false);
Looper::setForThread(mLooper);
}
}
它主要就是在内部创建了一个Looper对象,注意,这个Looper对象是实现在JNI层的,它与上面Java层中的Looper是不一样的,不过它们是对应的。
Looper::Looper(bool allowNonCallbacks) :
mAllowNonCallbacks(allowNonCallbacks),
mResponseIndex(0) {
int wakeFds[2];
int result = pipe(wakeFds);
......
mWakeReadPipeFd = wakeFds[0];
mWakeWritePipeFd = wakeFds[1];
......
#ifdef LOOPER_USES_EPOLL
// Allocate the epoll instance and register the wake pipe.
mEpollFd = epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE_HINT);
......
struct epoll_event eventItem;
memset(& eventItem, 0, sizeof(epoll_event)); // zero out unused members of data field union
eventItem.events = EPOLLIN;
eventItem.data.fd = mWakeReadPipeFd;
result = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mWakeReadPipeFd, & eventItem);
......
#else
......
#endif
......
}
这个构造函数做的事情非常重要,它跟我们后面要介绍的应用程序主线程在消息队列中没有消息时要进入等待状态以及当消息队列有消息时要把应用程序主线程唤醒的这两个知识点息息相关。它主要就是通过pipe系统调用来创建了一个管道了:
public class MessageQueue {
......
final Message next() {
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(mPtr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null) {
final long when = msg.when;
if (now >= when) {
mBlocked = false;
mMessages = msg.next;
msg.next = null;
if (Config.LOGV) Log.v("MessageQueue", "Returning message: " + msg);
return msg;
} else {
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
} else {
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// If first time, then get the number of idlers to run.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount == 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf("MessageQueue", "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
......
}
一是当消息队列中没有消息时,它会使线程进入等待状态;二是消息队列中有消息,但是消息指定了执行的时间,而现在还没有到这个时间,线程也会进入等待状态。
- nativePollOnce(mPtr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);