AHandler机制
Android APP开发中为了不阻塞UI线程，利用handler，把UI线程分开异步执行，使用handler去执行某项比较费时的操作，然后异步更新UI线程。这部分是用Java来实现的，和传统Java的线程机制很类似。
流媒体（5.0中用的是NuPlayer）中也是类似的，因为联网，codec都很费时，需要异步执行。AHandler机制基于C++的实现，NuPlayer就是继承了AHandler，实际上就是用的AHandler。
对于handler消息机制，构成就必须包括一个Loop，message。那么对应的AHandler，也应该有对应的ALooper， AMessage。底层的多媒体框架NuPlayer中，都是用AHandler消息机制实现的。
结合Nuplayer的构造和媒体播放实现流程中的setDataSource来说明。
####1. NuPlayer构造
首先从NuplayerDriver的构造函数，这是流媒体（NuPlayer）播放初始化函数。代码位置：
<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerFactory<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>cpp
class NuPlayerFactory : <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> MediaPlayerFactory<span class="hljs-tag">::IFactory</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:
…
virtual sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>MediaPlayerBase<span class="hljs-subst">></span> createPlayer() {
ALOGV(<span class="hljs-string">" create NuPlayer"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> NuPlayerDriver;
}
};
<span class="hljs-comment">// NuPlayerDriver中初始化的关键项</span>
NuPlayerDriver<span class="hljs-tag">::NuPlayerDriver</span>()
: mState(STATE_IDLE),
mIsAsyncPrepare(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>),
mAsyncResult(UNKNOWN_ERROR),
mSetSurfaceInProgress(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>),
mDurationUs(<span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span>),
mPositionUs(<span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span>),
mSeekInProgress(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>),
mLooper(<span class="hljs-literal">new</span> ALooper), <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建一个 ALooper</span>
mPlayerFlags(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>),
mAtEOS(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>),
mLooping(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>),
mAutoLoop(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>),
mStartupSeekTimeUs(<span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {
ALOGV(<span class="hljs-string">"NuPlayerDriver(%p)"</span>, this);
mLooper<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setName(<span class="hljs-string">"NuPlayerDriver Looper"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 给该Looper取名字，以便与AHandler一一对应</span>
mLooper<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>start( <span class="hljs-comment">// 启动Looper</span>
<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, <span class="hljs-comment">/* runOnCallingThread */</span>
<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-comment">/* canCallJava */</span>
PRIORITY_AUDIO);
mPlayer <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> NuPlayer; <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建一个AHandler即Nuplayer</span>
mLooper<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>registerHandler(mPlayer); <span class="hljs-comment">// 把该AHandler注册到Looper中，具体的实现我们往后看</span>
mPlayer<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setDriver(this);
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// 看到Looper就看成thread，ALooper的启动函数</span>
status_t ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::start</span>(
bool runOnCallingThread, bool canCallJava, int32_t priority) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (runOnCallingThread) {
…
}
Mutex<span class="hljs-tag">::Autolock</span> autoLock(mLock);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mThread <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-subst">||</span> mRunningLocally) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> INVALID_OPERATION;
}
mThread <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> LooperThread(this, canCallJava); <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建一个新的thread</span>
status_t err <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mThread<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>run(
mName<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>empty() <span class="hljs-subst">?</span> <span class="hljs-string">"ALooper"</span> : mName<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>c_str(), priority); <span class="hljs-comment">// Thread运行</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (err <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> OK) {
mThread<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>clear();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err;
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// 注册handler</span>
ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::handler_id</span> ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::registerHandler</span>(const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AHandler<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>handler) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> gLooperRoster<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>registerHandler(this, handler);
}
ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::handler_id</span> ALooperRoster<span class="hljs-tag">::registerHandler</span>(
const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>ALooper<span class="hljs-subst">></span> looper, const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AHandler<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>handler) {
Mutex<span class="hljs-tag">::Autolock</span> autoLock(mLock);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (handler<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>id() <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
CHECK(<span class="hljs-subst">!</span><span class="hljs-string">"A handler must only be registered once."</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> INVALID_OPERATION;
}
HandlerInfo info;
info<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mLooper <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> looper; <span class="hljs-comment">// NuPlayerDriver Looper</span>
info<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mHandler <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> handler; <span class="hljs-comment">// NuPlayer</span>
ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::handler_id</span> handlerID <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mNextHandlerID<span class="hljs-subst">++</span>;
mHandlers<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>add(handlerID, info); <span class="hljs-comment">// 放进vector里</span>
handler<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setID(handlerID); <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置handlerID，以便发送message时找到对应的handler</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> handlerID;
}
ALooperRoster<span class="hljs-tag">::ALooperRoster</span>()
: mNextHandlerID(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>), <span class="hljs-comment">// 从一开始</span>
mNextReplyID(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {
}</code>
gLooperRoster是一个全局变量，并且是一个vector，以handler Id对应HandlerInfo，而HandlerInfo中包含的是一对Looper（就是thread）和handler。这样处理消息的时候，就以handler Id很快地找到对应的处理。
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">// Nuplayer本身也是个AHandler，因为其继承自AHandler。</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> NuPlayer : <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> AHandler {
NuPlayer();
…
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> AHandler : <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> RefBase {
AHandler()
: mID(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
}
ALooper::handler_id id() <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> mID;
}
sp<ALooper> looper();
<span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword">virtual</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">onMessageReceived</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> sp<AMessage> &msg) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// 处理消息</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span>:
friend <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> ALooperRoster;</code>
有了LOOPER，也有了对应的handler，以setdataSource方法为例，很清晰地看到送消息给LOOPER，交个相应的handler去处理。
2. 以setDataSource看AHandler处理消息机制
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> NuPlayer::setDataSourceAsync(
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> sp<IMediaHTTPService> &httpService,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *url,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> KeyedVector<String8, String8> *headers) {
sp<AMessage> msg = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> AMessage(kWhatSetDataSource, id()); <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建消息</span>
size_t len = <span class="hljs-built_in">strlen</span>(url);
sp<AMessage> notify = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> AMessage(kWhatSourceNotify, id()); <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建消息</span>
sp<Source> source;
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (IsHTTPLiveURL(url)) {
source = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HTTPLiveSource(notify, httpService, url, headers);
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!strncasecmp(url, <span class="hljs-string">"rtsp://"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)) {
source = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RTSPSource(
notify, httpService, url, headers, mUIDValid, mUID);
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ((!strncasecmp(url, <span class="hljs-string">"http://"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
|| !strncasecmp(url, <span class="hljs-string">"https://"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">8</span>))
&& ((len >= <span class="hljs-number">4</span> && !strcasecmp(<span class="hljs-string">".sdp"</span>, &url[len - <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]))
|| <span class="hljs-built_in">strstr</span>(url, <span class="hljs-string">".sdp?"</span>))) {
source = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RTSPSource(
notify, httpService, url, headers, mUIDValid, mUID, <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
sp<GenericSource> genericSource =
<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> GenericSource(notify, mUIDValid, mUID);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Don't set FLAG_SECURE on mSourceFlags here for widevine.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// The correct flags will be updated in Source::kWhatFlagsChanged</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// handler when GenericSource is prepared.</span>
status_t err = genericSource->setDataSource(httpService, url, headers);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (err == OK) {
source = genericSource;
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
ALOGE(<span class="hljs-string">"Failed to set data source!"</span>);
}
}
msg->setObject(<span class="hljs-string">"source"</span>, source);
msg->post();
}</code>
NuPlayer中的setDataSource主要做了这些事情：
1 创建相应的消息
2 根据URL创建对应的source
3 onmessageReceive处理对应的消息
首先新建一个AMessage的实例，传入的参数为事件的名称以及处理该消息的Handlerid，该id在mLooper->registerHandler(mPlayer);方法中设置上。
<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">AMessage<span class="hljs-tag">::AMessage</span>(uint32_t what, ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::handler_id</span> target)
: mWhat(what),
mTarget(target),
mNumItems(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
}
<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> AMessage<span class="hljs-tag">::setObject</span>(const char <span class="hljs-subst">*</span>name, const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>RefBase<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>obj) {
setObjectInternal(name, obj, kTypeObject);
}
<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> AMessage<span class="hljs-tag">::setObjectInternal</span>(
const char <span class="hljs-subst">*</span>name, const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>RefBase<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>obj, <span class="hljs-keyword">Type</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>) {
Item <span class="hljs-subst">*</span>item <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> allocateItem(name);
item<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>mType <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>) { obj<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>incStrong(this); }
item<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>u<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>refValue <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> obj<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>get();
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// post过程</span>
<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> AMessage<span class="hljs-tag">::post</span>(int64_t delayUs) {
gLooperRoster<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>postMessage(this, delayUs);
}
status_t ALooperRoster<span class="hljs-tag">::postMessage</span>(
const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AMessage<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>msg, int64_t delayUs) {
sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>ALooper<span class="hljs-subst">></span> looper <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> findLooper(msg<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>target()); <span class="hljs-comment">// target及为获取handler id</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (looper <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-ENOENT</span>;
}
looper<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>post(msg, delayUs);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> OK;
}
<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::post</span>(const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AMessage<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>msg, int64_t delayUs) {
Mutex<span class="hljs-tag">::Autolock</span> autoLock(mLock);
int64_t whenUs;
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (delayUs <span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
whenUs <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> GetNowUs() <span class="hljs-subst">+</span> delayUs;
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
whenUs <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> GetNowUs();
}
<span class="hljs-built_in">List</span><span class="hljs-subst"><</span>Event<span class="hljs-subst">></span><span class="hljs-tag">::iterator</span> it <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>begin();
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (it <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>end() <span class="hljs-subst">&&</span> (<span class="hljs-subst">*</span>it)<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mWhenUs <span class="hljs-subst"><=</span> whenUs) {
<span class="hljs-subst">++</span>it;
}
Event event;
event<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mWhenUs <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> whenUs;
event<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mMessage <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> msg;
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (it <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>begin()) {
mQueueChangedCondition<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>signal();
}
mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>insert(it, event); <span class="hljs-comment">// 插入到event queue里</span>
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// 当队列里有消息时便会触发loop函数：</span>
bool ALooper<span class="hljs-tag">::loop</span>() {
Event event;
{
Mutex<span class="hljs-tag">::Autolock</span> autoLock(mLock);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mThread <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-subst">&&</span> <span class="hljs-subst">!</span>mRunningLocally) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>empty()) {
mQueueChangedCondition<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>wait(mLock);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
}
int64_t whenUs <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> (<span class="hljs-subst">*</span>mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>begin())<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mWhenUs;
int64_t nowUs <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> GetNowUs();
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (whenUs <span class="hljs-subst">></span> nowUs) {
int64_t delayUs <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> whenUs <span class="hljs-subst">-</span> nowUs;
mQueueChangedCondition<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>waitRelative(mLock, delayUs <span class="hljs-subst">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>ll);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
}
event <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-subst">*</span>mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>begin();
mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>erase(mEventQueue<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>begin());
}
gLooperRoster<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>deliverMessage(event<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mMessage); <span class="hljs-comment">// 处理消息</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// NOTE: It's important to note that at this point our "ALooper" object</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// may no longer exist (its final reference may have gone away while</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// delivering the message). We have made sure, however, that loop()</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// won't be called again.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> ALooperRoster<span class="hljs-tag">::deliverMessage</span>(const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AMessage<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>msg) {
sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AHandler<span class="hljs-subst">></span> handler;
{
Mutex<span class="hljs-tag">::Autolock</span> autoLock(mLock);
ssize_t index <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mHandlers<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>indexOfKey(msg<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>target());
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (index <span class="hljs-subst"><</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
ALOGW(<span class="hljs-string">"failed to deliver message. Target handler not registered."</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
}
const HandlerInfo <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>info <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mHandlers<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>valueAt(index);
handler <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> info<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>mHandler<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>promote();
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (handler <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>) {
ALOGW(<span class="hljs-string">"failed to deliver message. "</span>
<span class="hljs-string">"Target handler %d registered, but object gone."</span>,
msg<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>target());
mHandlers<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>removeItemsAt(index);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
}
}
handler<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>onMessageReceived(msg); <span class="hljs-comment">// 这里就回去调用NuPlayer</span>
}
<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> NuPlayer<span class="hljs-tag">::onMessageReceived</span>(const sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>AMessage<span class="hljs-subst">></span> <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>msg) {
switch (msg<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>what()) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> kWhatSetDataSource:
{
ALOGV(<span class="hljs-string">"kWhatSetDataSource"</span>);
CHECK(mSource <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>);
status_t err <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> OK;
sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>RefBase<span class="hljs-subst">></span> obj;
CHECK(msg<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>findObject(<span class="hljs-string">"source"</span>, <span class="hljs-subst">&</span>obj));
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (obj <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>) {
mSource <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> static_cast<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>Source <span class="hljs-subst">*></span>(obj<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>get());
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
err <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> UNKNOWN_ERROR;
}
CHECK(mDriver <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>);
sp<span class="hljs-subst"><</span>NuPlayerDriver<span class="hljs-subst">></span> driver <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mDriver<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>promote();
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (driver <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>) {
driver<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>notifySetDataSourceCompleted(err);
}
break;
}
}
}</code>
Ahandler就是实现了异步机制，大致就是启动一个threadLooper，监听looper的消息队列是否有变化，如有交给相应的Handler去处理。
NuPlayer底层播放器所有 的实现依赖于这样的AHandler机制转动起来的。Android底层有很多类似的AHandler应用的地方，如在render中、获取m3u8 playlist的地方….
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