JAVA——常用IO流类

常用IO流类关系图

字节流:用来操作字节数据,字节流可以用来拷贝所有的数据,文件读和写,但是字节流读取中文有可能造成乱码。

字符流:字符流读取中文不会造成乱码,字符流可以用来拷贝(文件读和写)纯文本的数据,非纯文本的不能用字符流来拷贝,只能用字节流

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常用流的用法例子

• 普通纯文本复制粘贴方法

public boolean copyValueOfText(String url) throws IOException{
        FileReader reader = new FileReader(url);
        FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("b.txt");
        int num;
        char[] arr = new char[2];//一次读取两个字符
        while((num=reader.read(arr))!=-1){
            writer.write(String.copyValueOf(arr, 0, num));
        }
        reader.close();
        writer.close();
        return true;
    }

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• 高效纯文本复制粘贴方法

public boolean copyValueOfTextEffect(String url) throws IOException{

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(url));
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("new.txt"));

        int num;
        char[] arr = new char[2];
        while((num=reader.read(arr))!=-1){
            writer.write(String.copyValueOf(arr, 0, num));
        }
        reader.close();
        writer.close();
        return true;
    }

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• 字节（万能）复制粘贴方法

public boolean copyValueOfFile(String url) throws IOException{

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(url);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("new2.txt");
        int num;
        byte[] arr = new byte[2];
        while((num = fis.read(arr))!=-1){
            fos.write(arr, 0, num);
        }
        fis.close();
        fos.close();
        return true;        
    }

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• 高效字节（万能）复制粘贴方法

public boolean copyValueOfFileEffect(String url) throws IOException{
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(url));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("new2.txt"));
        int num;
        byte[] arr = new byte[2];
        while((num = bis.read(arr))!=-1){
            bos.write(arr, 0, num);
        }
        bis.close();
        bos.close();
        return true;        
    }

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• 转换流（可以避免不同编码的文件互相读写时发生的乱码问题（GBK-一个字符两个字节，UTF-8-一个字符三个字节），因为该流有一个特殊的构造方法可以指定流的编码类型）

public void changeStream() throws IOException{

        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("FileDir/d/gbk"),"GBK");
        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("FileDir/d/utf-8"),"UTF-8");

        int num;
        char[] arr = new char[2];

        while((num = isr.read(arr))!=-1){
            osw.write(new String(arr, 0, num));
        }
        isr.close();
        osw.close();
    }

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• 对象流

public void loadObjectByObjetInputStream() throws Exception{
        //要求该对象要实现序列化接口Java.io.Serializable
        TestObject testObject = new TestObject();

        testObject.setName("我的名字");
        testObject.setUsername("用户名");
        testObject.setPassword("用户密码");

        //把当前对象保存到文件中
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("Object.ob"));
        oos.writeObject(testObject);
        //读取当前文件中保存的对象
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("Object.ob"));
        TestObject to = (TestObject) ois.readObject();
        System.out.println(to.getName()+to.getUsername()+to.getPassword());

        oos.close();
        ois.close();

    }