C语言泛型链表

不像 C++ 和 Java， C 语言不支持泛型。如何用C语言创建一条支持所有数据类型的链表？ 在C语言里，我们可以使用 void 指针和函数指针来支持泛型功能。void 指针最牛逼的地方就在于它支持各种数据类型，当然所有数据类型的指针大小都是一样的，所以我们总是可以创建一个指针节点。函数指针需要处理存储在 void 指针里这内容。

下面是一个用 C 语言实现的泛型链表。

// C program for generic linked list
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

/* A linked list node */
struct Node
{
    // Any data type can be stored in this node
    void *data;

    struct Node *next;
};

/* Function to add a node at the beginning of Linked List.
This function expects a pointer to the data to be added
and size of the data type */
void push(struct Node** head_ref, void *new_data, size_t data_size)
{
    // Allocate memory for node
    struct Node* new_node = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));

    new_node->data = malloc(data_size);
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);

    // Copy contents of new_data to newly allocated memory.
    // Assumption: char takes 1 byte.
    int i;
    for (i=0; i<data_size; i++)
        *(char *)(new_node->data + i) = *(char *)(new_data + i);

    // Change head pointer as new node is added at the beginning
    (*head_ref) = new_node;
}

/* Function to print nodes in a given linked list. fpitr is used
to access the function to be used for printing current node data.
Note that different data types need different specifier in printf() */
void printList(struct Node *node, void (*fptr)(void *))
{
    while (node != NULL)
    {
        (*fptr)(node->data);
        node = node->next;
    }
}

// Function to print an integer
void printInt(void *n)
{
printf(" %d", *(int *)n);
}

// Function to print a float
void printFloat(void *f)
{
printf(" %f", *(float *)f);
}

/* Driver program to test above function */
int main()
{
    struct Node *start = NULL;

    // Create and print an int linked list
    unsigned int_size = sizeof(int);
    int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}, i;
    for (i=4; i>=0; i--)
    push(&start, &arr[i], int_size);
    printf("Created integer linked list is \n");
    printList(start, printInt);

    // Create and print a float linked list
    unsigned float_size = sizeof(float);
    start = NULL;
    float arr2[] = {10.1, 20.2, 30.3, 40.4, 50.5};
    for (i=4; i>=0; i--)
    push(&start, &arr2[i], float_size);
    printf("\n\nCreated float linked list is \n");
    printList(start, printFloat);

    return 0;
}

点我跑跑代码

Output:

Created integer linked list is
 10 20 30 40 50

Created float linked list is
 10.100000 20.200001 30.299999 40.400002 50.500000

感谢 Himanshu Gupta 贡献了这篇文章。如果你有什么补充和问题，欢迎指正。

原文链接地址