类继承、虚继承

/*
 * inheritClass.cpp
 *
 *  Created on: 2016年7月18日
 *      Author: zroad
 */
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

class BaseClass {

public:
    BaseClass() {}

    void f(char *s = "unkown") {
        cout << "Fucntion f() in BaseClass called from " << s << endl;
        h();
    }


protected:
    void g(char *s = "unkown") {
        cout << "Function g() in BaseClass called from " << s << endl;
    }

private:
    void h() {
        cout << "Function h() in BaseClass!\n";
    }

};

//一、继承定义中的基类限定访问符：
//public:基类中的public、protected、private按照原访问规则
//protected:基类中的pulic访问权限限制为protected
//private:基类中的public、protected访问权限全部限制为private

class Derived1Level1 : public virtual BaseClass {

public:
    void f(char *s = "unknow") {
        cout << "Function f() in Derived1Level1 called from " << s << endl;
        g("Derived1Level1");
        h("Derived1Level1");
    }

    //二、派生类可重写基类方法，并扩展新的成员函数或是成员变量
    void h(char *s = "unknow") {
        cout << "Function h() in Derived1Level1 called from " << s << endl;
    }
};

//三、虚继承的定义使得多继承中重复定义的成员仅只调用一次
/*
  在多继承下，虚继承就是为了解决菱形继承中，B,C都继承了A，D继承了B,C，那么D关于 A的引用只有一次，而不是 普通继承的 对于A引用了两次……
格式：可以采用public、protected、private三种不同的继承关键字进行修饰，只要确保包含virtual就可以了。
 */
class Derived2Level1 : public virtual BaseClass {

public:
    void f(char *s = "unkown") {
        cout << "Function f() in Derived2Level1 called from " << s <<endl;
        g("Derived2Level1");
    }
};


class Derived2Level2 : public Derived1Level1, public Derived2Level1 {

public:
    void f(char *s = "unknow") {
        cout << "Function f() in Derived2Level2 called from " << s << endl;
        g("Derived2Level2");

        //通过类名+作用域限定符用来定义唯一成员访问
        Derived1Level1 :: h("Derived2Level2");
        BaseClass :: f("Derived2Level2");
    }
};

int main() {
    BaseClass bc;
    Derived1Level1 d1l1;
    Derived2Level1 d2l1;
    Derived2Level2 d2l2;

    bc.f("BaseClass");
    cout << "..............................." << endl;
    d1l1.f("Derived1Level1");
    cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;
    d2l1.f("Derived2Level1");
    cout << "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" <<endl;
    d2l2.f("Derived2Level2");

    return 0;
}