scoket通信

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https://www.cnblogs.com/wangkaining/p/6089627.html

一、套接字(socket)概念


  套接字(socket)是通信的基石,是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示,包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息:连接使用的协议,本地主机的IP地址,本地进程的协议端口,远地主机的IP地址,远地进程的协议端口。

  应用层通过传输层进行数据通信时,TCP会遇到同时为多个应用程序进程提供并发服务的问题。多个TCP连接或多个应用程序进程可能需要通过同一个 TCP协议端口传输数据。为了区别不同的应用程序进程和连接,许多计算机操作系统为应用程序与TCP/IP协议交互提供了套接字(Socket)接口。应 用层可以和传输层通过Socket接口,区分来自不同应用程序进程或网络连接的通信,实现数据传输的并发服务。

二、建立socket连接


  建立Socket连接至少需要一对套接字,其中一个运行于客户端,称为ClientSocket ,另一个运行于服务器端,称为ServerSocket 。

  套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤:服务器监听,客户端请求,连接确认。

  1. 服务器监听:服务器端套接字并不定位具体的客户端套接字,而是处于等待连接的状态,实时监控网络状态,等待客户端的连接请求 
  2. 客户端请求:指客户端的套接字提出连接请求,要连接的目标是服务器端的套接字。为此,客户端的套接字必须首先描述它要连接的服务器的套接字,指出服务器端套接字的地址和端口号,然后就向服务器端套接字提出连接请求。
  3. 连接确认:当服务器端套接字监听到或者说接收到客户端套接字的连接请求时,就响应客户端套接字的请求,建立一个新的线程,把服务器端套接字的描述发给客户 端,一旦客户端确认了此描述,双方就正式建立连接。而服务器端套接字继续处于监听状态,继续接收其他客户端套接字的连接请求。

三、SOCKET连接与TCP连接


  创建Socket连接时,可以指定使用的传输层协议,Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议(TCP或UDP),当使用TCP协议进行连接时,该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。

四、Socket连接与HTTP连接 

  由于通常情况下Socket连接就是TCP连接,因此Socket连接一旦建立,通信双方即可开始相互发送数据内容,直到双方连接断开。但在实际网络应用 中,客户端到服务器之间的通信往往需要穿越多个中间节点,例如路由器、网关、防火墙等,大部分防火墙默认会关闭长时间处于非活跃状态的连接而导致 Socket 连接断连,因此需要通过轮询告诉网络,该连接处于活跃状态。

  而HTTP连接使用的是“请求—响应”的方式,不仅在请求时需要先建立连接,而且需要客户端向服务器发出请求后,服务器端才能回复数据。

  很多情况下,需要服务器端主动向客户端推送数据,保持客户端与服务器数据的实时与同步。此时若双方建立的是Socket连接,服务器就可以直接将数据传送 给客户端;若双方建立的是HTTP连接,则服务器需要等到客户端发送一次请求后才能将数据传回给客户端,因此,客户端定时向服务器端发送连接请求,不仅可 以保持在线,同时也是在“询问”服务器是否有新的数据,如果有就将数据传给客户端。

五、Socket服务端与客户端通信示意图

六、服务端与客户端代码

  1、服务端

  (1)服务端窗口设计

namespace SocketForm
{
    partial class Form1
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 必需的设计器变量。
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码

        /// <summary>
        /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
        /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
            this.tb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.lb_Ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.tb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.bt_connnect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
            this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // panel1
            // 
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connnect);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_port);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_Ip);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_ip);
            this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 12);
            this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
            this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 70);
            this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // tb_ip
            // 
            this.tb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(44, 18);
            this.tb_ip.Name = "tb_ip";
            this.tb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
            this.tb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
            this.tb_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
            // 
            // lb_Ip
            // 
            this.lb_Ip.AutoSize = true;
            this.lb_Ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(15, 21);
            this.lb_Ip.Name = "lb_Ip";
            this.lb_Ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
            this.lb_Ip.TabIndex = 1;
            this.lb_Ip.Text = "IP:";
            // 
            // lb_port
            // 
            this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
            this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(158, 24);
            this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
            this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
            this.lb_port.TabIndex = 3;
            this.lb_port.Text = "Port:";
            // 
            // tb_port
            // 
            this.tb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 21);
            this.tb_port.Name = "tb_port";
            this.tb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
            this.tb_port.TabIndex = 2;
            this.tb_port.Text = "80";
            // 
            // bt_connnect
            // 
            this.bt_connnect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(316, 15);
            this.bt_connnect.Name = "bt_connnect";
            this.bt_connnect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 42);
            this.bt_connnect.TabIndex = 4;
            this.bt_connnect.Text = "开始监听";
            this.bt_connnect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.bt_connnect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connnect_Click);
            // 
            // listBox1
            // 
            this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
            this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 12;
            this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 112);
            this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";
            this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 124);
            this.listBox1.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // txt_msg
            // 
            this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 255);
            this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
            this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
            this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(424, 73);
            this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
            // 
            // bt_send
            // 
            this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(471, 266);
            this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
            this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(119, 52);
            this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
            this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
            this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
            // 
            // Form1
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(695, 340);
            this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
            this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "SocketForm";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
            this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.panel1.PerformLayout();
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connnect;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_port;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_Ip;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_ip;
        private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
    }
}

(2)服务端逻辑设计

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SocketForm
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void bt_connnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            try
            {
                //点击开始监听时 在服务端创建一个负责监听IP和端口号的Socket
                Socket socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Any;
                //创建对象端口
                IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(tb_port.Text));

                socketWatch.Bind(point);//绑定端口号
                ShowMsg("监听成功!");
                socketWatch.Listen(10);//设置监听

                //创建监听线程
                Thread thread = new Thread(Listen);
                thread.IsBackground = true;
                thread.Start(socketWatch);
            }
            catch { }
           
        }
       
        /// <summary>
        /// 等待客户端的连接 并且创建与之通信的Socket
        /// </summary>
        Socket socketSend;
        void Listen(object o)
        {
            try
            {
                Socket socketWatch = o as Socket;
                while (true)
                {
                    socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();//等待接收客户端连接
                    ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "连接成功!");
                    //开启一个新线程,执行接收消息方法
                    Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received);
                    r_thread.IsBackground = true;
                    r_thread.Start(socketSend);
                }
            }
            catch { }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 服务器端不停的接收客户端发来的消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o"></param>
        void Received(object o)
        {
            try
            {
                Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
                while (true)
                {
                    //客户端连接服务器成功后,服务器接收客户端发送的消息
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
                    //实际接收到的有效字节数
                    int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
                    if (len == 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
                    ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
                }
            }
            catch { }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 服务器向客户端发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str"></param>
        void Send(string str) {
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
            socketSend.Send(buffer);
        }

        void ShowMsg(string msg)
        {
            listBox1.Items.Add(msg + "\r\n");
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
        }

        private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Send(txt_msg.Text.Trim());
        }
    }
}

2、客户端

  (1)客户端窗口设计

namespace SocketClient
{
    partial class Form1
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 必需的设计器变量。
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码

        /// <summary>
        /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
        /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
            this.lb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.txt_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.txt_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.bt_connect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // panel1
            // 
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connect);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_port);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_ip);
            this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_ip);
            this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
            this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
            this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 75);
            this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // lb_ip
            // 
            this.lb_ip.AutoSize = true;
            this.lb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(14, 23);
            this.lb_ip.Name = "lb_ip";
            this.lb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
            this.lb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
            this.lb_ip.Text = "IP:";
            // 
            // txt_ip
            // 
            this.txt_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 20);
            this.txt_ip.Name = "txt_ip";
            this.txt_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
            this.txt_ip.TabIndex = 1;
            this.txt_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
            // 
            // txt_port
            // 
            this.txt_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(207, 23);
            this.txt_port.Name = "txt_port";
            this.txt_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
            this.txt_port.TabIndex = 3;
            this.txt_port.Text = "2001";
            // 
            // lb_port
            // 
            this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
            this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(166, 29);
            this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
            this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
            this.lb_port.TabIndex = 2;
            this.lb_port.Text = "port:";
            // 
            // bt_connect
            // 
            this.bt_connect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(313, 9);
            this.bt_connect.Name = "bt_connect";
            this.bt_connect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 47);
            this.bt_connect.TabIndex = 4;
            this.bt_connect.Text = "连接";
            this.bt_connect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.bt_connect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connect_Click);
            // 
            // textBox1
            // 
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 103);
            this.textBox1.Multiline = true;
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 114);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // txt_msg
            // 
            this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 246);
            this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
            this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
            this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(291, 54);
            this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
            // 
            // bt_send
            // 
            this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 246);
            this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
            this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 54);
            this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
            this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
            this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
            // 
            // Form1
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(493, 323);
            this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "Form1";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
            this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.panel1.PerformLayout();
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_ip;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connect;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_port;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_ip;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
    }
}

 (2)客户端逻辑设计

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SocketClient
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        Socket socketSend;
        private void bt_connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                //创建客户端Socket,获得远程ip和端口号
                socketSend = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_ip.Text);
                IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_port.Text));

                socketSend.Connect(point);
                ShowMsg("连接成功!");
                //开启新的线程,不停的接收服务器发来的消息
                Thread c_thread = new Thread(Received);
                c_thread.IsBackground = true;
                c_thread.Start();
            }
            catch (Exception){
                ShowMsg("IP或者端口号错误...");
            }
 
        }
        void ShowMsg(string str)
        {
            textBox1.AppendText(str + "\r\n");
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收服务端返回的消息
        /// </summary>
        void Received()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
                    //实际接收到的有效字节数
                    int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
                    if (len == 0)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
                    ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
                }
                catch { }
            }
        } 
        /// <summary>
        /// 向服务器发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                string msg = txt_msg.Text.Trim();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
                buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
                socketSend.Send(buffer);
            }
            catch { }
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
        }
    }
}

七、运行效果

1.服务端

添加控件到Forms1

Form1.cs里添加引用

(1)Socket--using System.Net.Sockets;

(2)//IPAddress--using System.Net;

(3)Thread--using System.Threading;

InitializeComponent()方法自动生成,在

public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

2.客户端

创建过程同上

3.连接操作

(1)服务端需要先启动监听

输入ip  127.0.0.2,端口号5003,点击“开始监听”,显示监听成功

(ip  127.0.0.3,端口号5003,连接成功!)客户端成功连接,服务端显示“ip  127.0.0.1:10599:连接成功!”

服务端发送信息给客户端

 

(2)客户端连接

ip  127.0.0.1,端口号5001,IP或者端口号错误...

ip  127.0.0.2,端口号5002,IP或者端口号错误...

ip  127.0.0.3,端口号5003,连接成功!
 

客户端接收到客户端发来的信息

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