零式机器学习笔记——Day12-14 支持向量机

学习目标

1. 什么是SVM
2. SVM如何工作的

步骤讲解

支持向量机

支持向量机（SVM）是有监督的机器学习算法，主要应用于分类问题中。

原理

根据特征值，构建一个n维度的空间，将每个数据点映射到空间中，算法最终输出一个最佳超平面。所谓最佳超平面是指，平面距离两类数据最远的一个平面。

源代码

import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

# Importing dataset
dataset = pd.read_csv("Social_Network_Ads.csv")
x = dataset.iloc[:, [2, 3]].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, 4].values
# Splitting dataset into The training set and Test set
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size = 0.25, random_state = 0)
# Feature scaling
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
sc = StandardScaler()
x_train = sc.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = sc.transform(x_test)

# Fitting SVM to the Training set
from sklearn.svm import SVC
classifier = SVC(kernel='linear', random_state=0)
classifier.fit(x_train, y_train)

# Predicting the Test set results
y_pred = classifier.predict(x_test)
# Making the Confusion Matrix
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)

# Visualising the Training set results
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
x_set, y_set = x_train, y_train
X1, X2 = np.meshgrid(np.arange(start = x_set[:, 0].min() - 1, stop = x_set[:, 0].max() + 1, step = 0.01),
                     np.arange(start = x_set[:, 1].min() - 1, stop = x_set[:, 1].max() + 1, step = 0.01))
plt.contourf(X1, X2, classifier.predict(np.array([X1.ravel(), X2.ravel()]).T).reshape(X1.shape),
             alpha = 0.75, cmap = ListedColormap(('red', 'green')))
plt.xlim(X1.min(), X1.max())
plt.ylim(X2.min(), X2.max())
for i, j in enumerate(np.unique(y_set)):
    plt.scatter(x_set[y_set == j, 0], x_set[y_set == j, 1],
                c = ListedColormap(('red', 'green'))(i), label = j)
plt.title('SVM (raining set)')
plt.xlabel('Age')
plt.ylabel('Estimated Salary')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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