目录[-]
1、Redis是什么:
REmote DIctionary Server--[Redis]是一个由Salvatore Sanfilippo写的key-value存储系统。
Redis提供了一些丰富的数据结构,包括lists,sets,ordered sets 以及hashes,当然还有和Memcacheed一样的Strings结构。
Redis当然还包括了对这些数据机构的丰富操作。
2、Redis的优点:
(1)、性能极高 – Redis能支持超过 100K+ 每秒的读写频率。
(2)、丰富的数据类型 – Redis支持二进制案例 Strings, Lists, Hashes, Sets 及 Ordered Sets 数据类型操作。
(3)、原子 – Redis的所有操作都是原子性的,同时Redis还支持对几个操作全并后的原子性执行。
(4)、丰富的特性 – Redis还支持 publish/subscribe, 通知, key 过期等等特性。
3、数据类型:
3.1、String类型
Redis能存储二进制安全的字符串,最大长度为1GB
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe"
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String类型还支持批量的读写操作
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET age 26 sex
"male"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET age sex
1)
"26"
2)
"male"
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String类型其实也可以用来存储数字,并支持对数字的加减操作。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR age
(integer) 27
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY age 4
(integer) 31
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"31"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR age
(integer) 30
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY age 4
(integer) 26
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"26"
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String类型还支持对其部分的修改和获取操作
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND name
" Mr."
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe Mr."
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN name
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSTR name 0 3
"John"
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3.2、List类型
Redis能够将数据存储成一个链表,并能对这个链表进行丰富的操作。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students
"John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students
"Captain Kirk"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students
"Sheldon Cooper"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1)
"Sheldon Cooper"
2)
"Captain Kirk"
3)
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP students
"Sheldon Cooper"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1)
"Captain Kirk"
2)
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1
"John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 0
1)
"Captain Kirk"
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Redis也支持很多修改操作
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT students BEFORE
"Captain Kirk"
"Dexter Morgan"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1)
"Dexter Morgan"
2)
"Captain Kirk"
3)
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students
"Peter Parker"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 3
1)
"Peter Parker"
2)
"Dexter Morgan"
3)
"Captain Kirk"
4)
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM students 1 3
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1)
"Dexter Morgan"
2)
"Captain Kirk"
3)
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1
"John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1)
"Captain Kirk"
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3.3、Set类型
Redis能够将一系列不重复的值存储成一个集合
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD birds crow
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD birds pigeon
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD birds bat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals dog
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals
cat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals bat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS birds
1)
"bat"
2)
"crow"
3)
"pigeon"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS mammals
1)
"bat"
2)
"cat"
3)
"dog"
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Sets结构也支持相应的修改操作
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM mammals
cat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS mammals
1)
"bat"
2)
"dog"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD mammals human
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS mammals
1)
"bat"
2)
"human"
3)
"dog"
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Redis还支持对集合的子交并补等操作
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER birds mammals
1)
"bat"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION birds mammals
1)
"crow"
2)
"bat"
3)
"human"
4)
"pigeon"
5)
"dog"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF birds mammals
1)
"crow"
2)
"pigeon"
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3.4、Sorted Sets 类型
Sorted Sets和Sets结构相似,不同的是存在Sorted Sets中的数据会有一个score属性,并会在写入时就按这个score排好序。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 0 mon
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 1 tue
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 2 wed
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 3 thu
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 4 fri
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 5 sat
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD days 6 sun
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD days
(integer) 7
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE days 0 6
1)
"mon"
2)
"tue"
3)
"wed"
4)
"thu"
5)
"fri"
6)
"sat"
7)
"sun"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE days sat
"5"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT days 3 6
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE days 3 6
1)
"thu"
2)
"fri"
3)
"sat"
4)
"sun"
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3.5、Hash类型
Redis能够存储key对多个属性的数据(比如user1.uname user1.passwd)
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS student
1)
"name"
2)
"age"
3)
"sex"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS student
1)
"Ganesh"
2)
"30"
3)
"Male"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL student
1)
"name"
2)
"Ganesh"
3)
"age"
4)
"30"
5)
"sex"
6)
"Male"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL student sex
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL student
1)
"name"
2)
"Ganesh"
3)
"age"
4)
"30"
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Hash数据结构能够批量修改和获取
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET kid name Akshi age 2 sex Female
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET kid name age sex
1)
"Akshi"
2)
"2"
3)
"Female"
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4、Publish/Subscribe:
Redis支持一种特性,可将数据推到某个信息管道中,其它人可通过订阅这些管道来获取推送过来的信息。
4.1、订阅信息管道
用一个客户端订阅管道
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSCRIBE channelone
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1)
"subscribe"
2)
"channelone"
3) (integer) 1
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另一个客户端往这个管道推送信息
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH channelone hello
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH channelone world
(integer) 1
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然后第一个客户端就能获取到推送的信息
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSCRIBE channelone
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1)
"subscribe"
2)
"channelone"
3) (integer) 1
1)
"message"
2)
"channelone"
3)
"hello"
1)
"message"
2)
"channelone"
3)
"world"
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4.2、按一定模式批量订阅
用下面的命令订阅所有channel开头的信息通道
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PSUBSCRIBE channel*
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1)
"psubscribe"
2)
"channel*"
3) (integer) 1
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在另一个客户端对两个推送信息
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH channelone hello
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH channeltwo world
(integer) 1
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然后在第一个客户端就能收到推送的信息
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PSUBSCRIBE channel*
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1)
"psubscribe"
2)
"channel*"
3) (integer) 1
1)
"pmessage"
2)
"channel*"
3)
"channelone"
4)
"hello"
1)
"pmessage"
2)
"channel*"
3)
"channeltwo"
4)
"world"
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5、数据过期设置:
Redis支持按key设置过期时间,过期后值将被删除(在客户端看来是补删除了的)用TTL命令可以获取某个key值的过期时间(-1表示永不过期)
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL name
(integer) -1
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下面命令先用EXISTS命令查看key值是否存在,然后设置了5秒的过期时间
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS name
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE name 5
(integer) 1
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5秒后再查看
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS name
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
(nil)
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同时也可以设置在某个时间点过期。
6、事务性:
Redis本身支持一些简单的组合型的命令,比如以NX结尾命令都是判断在这个值没有时才进行某个命令。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX name
"Dexter Morgan"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe"
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET name
"Dexter Morgan"
"John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"Dexter Morgan"
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当然,Redis还支持自定义的命令组合,通过MULTI和EXEC,将几个命令组合起来执行。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET counter 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR counter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR counter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR counter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC
1) (integer) 1
2) (integer) 2
3) (integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET counter
"3"
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你还可以用DICARD命令来中断执行中的命令序列。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET newcounter 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR newcounter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR newcounter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR newcounter
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DISCARD
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET newcounter
"0"
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7、持久化:
Redis的所有数据都存储在内存中,但是他也提供对这些数据的持久化。
7.1、数据快照
数据快照的原理是将整个Redis中存的所有数据遍历一遍存到一个扩展名为rdb的数据文件中。通过SAVE命令可以调用这个过程。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SAVE
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"Sheldon Cooper"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BGSAVE
Background saving started
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如果你是使用的brew在Mac OSX上安全的Redis,那么rdb文件会存在如下路径
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/usr/local/var/db/redis/dump
.rdb
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7.2、追加式的的操作日志记录(Append-Only file)
其日志文件以aof结局,我们一般称为aof文件。要开启aof日志的记录,你需要在配置文件中进行如下设置:
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appendonly
yes
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这时候你所有的操作都会记录在aof日志文件中
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
(nil)
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"Ganesh Gunasegaran"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXIT
→
cat
/usr/local/var/db/redis/appendonly
.aof
*2
$6
SELECT
$1
0
*3
$3
SET
$4
name
$18
Ganesh Gunasegaran
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8、管理命令:
Redis支持多个DB,默认是16个,你可以设置将数据存在哪一个DB中,不同DB间的数据具有隔离性。也可以在多个DB间移动数据。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> GET name
(nil)
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> SELECT 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE name 1
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> GET name
"John Doe"
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Redis还能进行一些如下操作,获取一些运行信息。
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> DBSIZE
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> INFO
redis_version:2.2.13
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:kqueue
......
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Redis还支持对某个DB数据进行清除(当然清空所有数据的操作也是支持的)
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DBSIZE
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> SET name
"Sheldon Cooper"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> DBSIZE
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> SELECT 0
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHDB
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DBSIZE
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> DBSIZE
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> FLUSHALL
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> DBSIZE
(integer) 0
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9、客户端:
Redis的客户端很丰富,几乎所有流行的语言都有其客户端,这里就不再赘述,有兴趣的可以上Redis的Clients页面去查找。