环境材料准备
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611
Python-3.7.3.tgz
一、安装过程
0、检查环境
which python
1、安装python3.7.3的依赖包:
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make -y
yum install libffi-devel -y
2、安装python3.7.3
2.1下载python3.7.3
cd /usr/local/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tgz
这个时候,当前目录有了Python-3.7.3.tgz。
2.2 解压文件夹,并安装
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.3.tgz
cd Python-3.7.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make&&make install
到了这个时候,python3的安装基本完成,我们的安装python3的目录是/usr/local/python3。
3、配置python3的环境变量和两个软链接
接下来,我们要配置一下python3的环境变量和两个软链接。这里需要特别注意:python3的环境变量必须放置在PATH变量的前面,因为操作系统在遍历PATH变量的时候,它是从左到右遍历的,输入python的时候就定位到/usr/local/python3/bin
目录下的python3.7->python,pip3->pip
。如果将python3的环境变量必须放置在PATH变量的后面,它只能定位到原生的/usr/bin/python2.7
,所以敲python的时候只会是python2.7.5
。
3.1进入/etc/profile编辑
vi /etc/profile
3.2在文本最后面添加
PATH=/usr/local/python3/bin:$PATH
export PATH
3.3保存退出/etc/profile编辑
:wq
3.4使环境变量生效
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/local/python3/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip
使环境变量生效
source /etc/profile
3.5查看环境变量是否配置成功
echo $PATH
/usr/local/python3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
Python2和Python3的共存
如果您按照上面的步骤一步一个脚印操作,并且顺利完成了,那么已经兼容了python2和python3,以及它们的pip包管理工具的兼容问题。这个时候,我们来测试一下搭建的环境。
3.2 (此步与3步二选一)python3.6安装
1.检测环境,创建安装目录
which python
mkdir /usr/local/python3
cd /usr/local/python3
2.安装python依赖
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
3.安装python3(3.6.2)
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
如果下载过慢可在蓝奏云下载后上传:https://www.lanzous.com/i7x8kxg 密码:3bhk
或用迅雷直接下载速度也很快
4.解压并安装:
tar -xvJf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
5.创建软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
二、测试环境
2.1查看pip版本
pip -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
pip2 -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)
2.2查看python默认版本
python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr 23 2020, 11:06:00)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
print('hello')