python os.walk()和os.listdir()

本部分内容的组织关系：python3.6.5文档$\to$python标准库$\to$16 通用操作系统服务$\to$16.1.5 文件和目录
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os.listdir(path = ‘.’)

入口为path给定的目录，函数返回一个列表，列表顺序是随机的，并且不包括入口’.’，’..’，即使它们在目录中存在。

os.listdir(path=’.’)
Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory given by path. The list is in arbitrary order, and does not include the special entries ‘.’ and ‘..’ even if they are present in the directory.

os.walk(top, topdown=True, οnerrοr=None, followlinks=False)

遍历顶级目录下的每个目录，每个目录返回一个三元组（路径，目录名，文件名）。默认是自上而下遍历，将topdown改为False则自下而上遍历。目录名是路径下的子目录名列表，排除掉’.’，’..’。注意，这些名字不包含路径。如果想得到全路径，可以使用os.join(dirpath, name)。

os.walk(top, topdown=True, οnerrοr=None, followlinks=False)
Generate the file names in a directory tree by walking the tree either top-down or bottom-up.
dirpath is a string, the path to the directory. dirnames is a list of the names of the subdirectories in dirpath (excluding ‘.’ and ‘..’). filenames is a list of the names of the non-directory files in dirpath. Note that the names in the lists contain no path components. To get a full path (which begins with top) to a file or directory in dirpath, do os.path.join(dirpath, name).
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