1. 向量
#向量
## c()初始化
( x = c(10,11,13,14) )
输出:[1] 10 11 13 14
## :初始化
( x = 1:10 )
输出: [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
## sql(from, to, by, length.out, along.with)
( x = seq(5, by = 2, length = 8) )
( x = seq(5, 19, by = 2) )
( y = seq(10, by=3, along.with = x) )
输出:
[1] 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
[1] 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
[1] 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31
注:seq中的along.with表示与哪个向量的长度一样长
#使用向量
## 下标操作符
( x[1:5] )
( x[c(1,2,3,4,5)] )
( x[seq(1, 5, 1) ] )
( y[-1 : -5] )
输出:
[1] 5 7 9 11 13
[1] 5 7 9 11 13
[1] 5 7 9 11 13
[1] 25 28 31
## which()操作
( which(y > 5) )
( y[which(y > 5)] )
输出:
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
[1] 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31
注:which方法返回的是向量中满足要求元素的下标!
2. 因子
#因子
( x = c('a', 'a', 'b', 'o', 'ab', 'ab') )
输出:
[1] “a” “a” “b” “o” “ab” “ab”
( x = factor(c('a', 'a', 'b', 'o', 'ab', 'ab')) )
输出:
[1] a a b o ab ab
Levels: a ab b o
unclass(x)
输出:
attr(,”levels”)
[1] “a” “ab” “b” “o”
( x = factor(c('a', 'a', 'b', 'o', 'ab', 'ab'), levels = c('a', 'b', 'o', 'ab')) )
unclass(x)
输出:
[1] a a b o ab ab
Levels: a b o ab
》》》》》》》》》》》》》(分隔符)
[1] 1 1 2 3 4 4
attr(,”levels”)
[1] “a” “b” “o” “ab”
## gl(级别个数,循环次数, 级别对应的文本标签)
( f2 = gl(4, 3, labels = c('blue', 'red', 'green', 'yellow') ) )
unclass(f2)
输出:
[1] blue blue blue red red red green green
[9] green yellow yellow yellow
Levels: blue red green yellow
》》》》》》》》》》》》》(分隔符)
[1] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
attr(,”levels”)
[1] “blue” “red” “green” “yellow”
RStudio快捷键
单行执行 crtl + 回车