View的工作流程
measure
测量View的宽高；measure完成之后，通过getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight()可以获取控件的宽高，大部分View宽高就是测量的宽高
layout
确定View在父容器中放置的位置，四个顶点坐标及View实际宽高
完成后可通过getTop(),getBottom(),getLeft(),getRight()获取具体坐标；getWidth(),getHeight()获取控件真实宽高
draw
负责将View绘制在屏幕上
measure
ViewGroup
它没有measure方法，measureChildren与其类似
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
//循环测量child
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}测量子控件measureChildren
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
//获取parent布局参数
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
//宽度MeasureSpec
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
//高度MeasureSpec
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
//调用child的测量方法
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}//Dimension尺寸
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}表1-1 普通View的MeasureSpec创建规则
| parentSpecMode childLayoutParams | EXACTLY | AT_MOST | UNSPECIFIED |
|---|---|---|---|
| dp/px | EXACTLY childSize | EXACTLY childSize | EXACTLY childSize |
| match_parent | EXACTLY parentSize | AT_MOST parentSize | UNSPECIFIED 0 |
| wrap_parent | AT_MOST parentSize | AT_MOST parentSize | UNSPECIFIED 0 |
LinearLayout
查看实例的具体实现
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec){
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
//测量垂直布局
measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
} else {
measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}方法：measureVertical
// See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.遍历子控件
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
......
// Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or
// previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to
// use all available space (and we will shrink things later
// if needed).
measureChildBeforeLayout(
child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,
totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);
if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
lp.height = oldHeight;
}
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
}
}一般在onLayout中获取测量的宽/高会比较准确
在activity启动的时候，获取view测量的宽高
1.Activity/View#onWindowFocusChanged
@Override
public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
view.getMeasuredWidth();
view.getMeasuredHeight();
}View已经初始化完毕，宽/高已经准备好了。这个时候去获取宽高是没有问题的。onWindowFocusChanged会被调用多次，当activity获取焦点或失去焦点的时候都会被调用。具体就是当activity继续执行和暂停执行都会被调用，onResume和onPause也会调用
2.view.post(runnable)
protected void onStart(){
super.onStart();
view.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
view.getMeasuredHeight();
view.getMeasuredWidth();
}
});
}通过post可以将一个runnable投递到消息队列尾部，然后等待Looper调用此runnable的时候，View也已经初始化好了
3.ViewTreeObserver
ViewTreeObserver可以完成，当View树的状态发生改变或者View树内部的View可见性发生改变，onGlobalLayout将被回调。但可能会被调用多次
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
ViewTreeObserver viewTreeObserver = view.getViewTreeObserver();
viewTreeObserver.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
@Override
public void onGlobalLayout() {
view.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this);
view.getMeasuredHeight();
view.getMeasuredWidth();
}
});
}4.view.measure(widthSpec,heightSpec)
根据View的LayoutParams来分
match_parent
具体数值
int widthMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
int heightMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
view.measure(widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec);- wrap_parent
MeasureSpec的size最大值是30个1,2^30-1=(1<<30)-1，所以用最大的值去构造MeasureSpec
int widthMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1<<30)-1, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
int heightMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1<<30)-1, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
view.measure(widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec);View
View的measure方法是final的，所以他不能被子类重写。measure方法中调用了
onMeasure方法
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//设置测量的宽、高
//protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}方法：getDefaultSize
/**
* Utility to return a default size. Uses the supplied size if the
* MeasureSpec imposed no constraints. Will get larger if allowed
* by the MeasureSpec.
* 应用程序返回一个默认的大小.如果没有强制约束，则会使用建议的size.如果MeasureSpec允许，将可以让size更大
* @param size Default size for this view
* @param measureSpec Constraints imposed by the parent(parent的强制约束)
* @return The size this view should be.
*/
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
//View测量后的大小
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}UNSPECIFIED一般用于系统内部的测量过程
具体测量过程如下，
方法：getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
//没有背景:返回xml中android:minWidth,未指定则为0
//有背景:返回android:minWidth、背景宽度的较大值
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}
//stream.addProperty("measurement:minWidth", mMinWidth);
//xml中的配置属性android:minWidth
public int getMinimumWidth() {
return mMinWidth;
}Drawable.java
public int getMinimumWidth() {
//
final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
}方法：getSuggestedMinimumHeight()
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}直接继承View的自定义控件需要重写onMeasure方法并设置wrap_content时自身大小，否则在布局中使用wrap_content与match_content是一样的-见表1，
像系统的TextView、ImageView都做了处理。可查看源码
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST&&heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(mWidthSize mHeight);
}else if(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(mWidth, heightSize );
}else if(heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST){
setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, mHeight);
}
}Layout
layout确定view的位置，onlayout确定所以子元素的位置
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
}
}
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
}setFrame设定View顶点的四个值，View和ViewGroup并没有真实实现onLayout。
LinearLayout
LinearLayout分为水平和垂直布局
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
} else {
layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
}
}void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
......
final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int gravity = lp.gravity;
if (gravity < 0) {
gravity = minorGravity;
}
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)
+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.LEFT:
default:
childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
break;
}
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
childTop += mDividerHeight;
}
childTop += lp.topMargin;
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}此方法会遍历所有子元素并调用setChildFrame来为子元素指定位置，其中childTop会逐渐增大，后面元素就会放置到下方。childWidth、childHeight是测量高度
private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
//调用View的layout方法
child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}draw
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// we're done...
return;
}
}- 绘制背景 background.draw(canvals)
- 绘制自己(onDraw)
- 绘制children(dispatchDraw)
- 绘制装饰(onDrawScrollBars)
View有一个特殊的方法
如果一个View不需要绘制任何内容，那么设置这个标记位为true之后，系统会进行相应的优化。默认情况下，View没有开启这个标记位，但是ViewGroup会默认启用这个优化标记位。这个标记位对实际开发的意义是：当我们的自定义控件继承于ViewGroup并且本身不具备绘制功能时，就可以开启这个标记位从而便于系统进行后续的优化
/**
* If this view doesn't do any drawing on its own, set this flag to
* allow further optimizations(优化计算). By default, this flag is not set on
* View, but could be set on some View subclasses such as ViewGroup.
*
* Typically, if you override {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)}
* you should clear this flag.
*
* @param willNotDraw whether or not this View draw on its own
*/
public void setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw) {
setFlags(willNotDraw ? WILL_NOT_DRAW : 0, DRAW_MASK);
}注意
1.直接继承View或ViewGroup的控件，在onMeasure中对wrap_content要做特殊处理。
2.继承自View，在draw方法中处理padding，否则padding值无法起作用
3.继承自ViewGroup，要在onMeasure、onLayout中考虑padding和子元素的margin对其造成的影响，不然将导致padding和子元素的margin失效
4.View中如果有线程或者动画，需要及时停止View#onDetachedFromWindow
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