Oracle继续学习中。。。。。。
查询职位是"MANAGER"或职位不是"ANALYST"的员工(方式一)
select * from emp where job='MANAGER' or not(job='ANALYST');SQL> select * from emp where job='MANAGER' or not(job='ANALYST');
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
已选择12行。
查询职位是"MANAGER"或职位不是"ANALYST"的员工(方式二):select * from emp where job='MANAGER' or job!='ANALYST';
SQL> select * from emp where job='MANAGER' or job !='ANALYST';
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
已选择12行。
查询员工信息,按薪水升序排序:select * from emp order by sal desc;
SQL> select * from emp order by sal desc;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
已选择14行。
查询员工信息,按入职日期降序排序:select * from emp order by hiredate desc;
SQL> select * from emp order by hiredate desc;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
已选择14行
order by后面可以跟列名、别名、表达式、列号
select * from emp order by sal desc;
select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "工 资" from emp order by "工 资" desc;
SQL> select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "工 资" from emp order by "工 资" desc
;
编号 姓名 工 资
---------- -------------------- ----------
7839 KING 5000
7902 FORD 3000
7788 SCOTT 3000
7566 JONES 2975
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7499 ALLEN 1600
7844 TURNER 1500
7934 MILLER 1300
7521 WARD 1250
7654 MARTIN 1250
7876 ADAMS 1100
7900 JAMES 950
7369 SMITH 800
已选择14行。
select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "工资",sal*12 "年薪" from emp order by sal*12 desc;
SQL> select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "工资",sal*12 "年薪" from emp order by
sal*12 desc;
编号 姓名 工资 年薪
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000 60000
7902 FORD 3000 36000
7788 SCOTT 3000 36000
7566 JONES 2975 35700
7698 BLAKE 2850 34200
7782 CLARK 2450 29400
7499 ALLEN 1600 19200
7844 TURNER 1500 18000
7934 MILLER 1300 15600
7521 WARD 1250 15000
7654 MARTIN 1250 15000
7876 ADAMS 1100 13200
7900 JAMES 950 11400
7369 SMITH 800 9600
已选择14行。
select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "工资",sal*12 "年薪" from emp order by 4 desc;
SQL> select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "工资",sal*12 "年薪" from emp order by
4 desc;
编号 姓名 工资 年薪
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000 60000
7902 FORD 3000 36000
7788 SCOTT 3000 36000
7566 JONES 2975 35700
7698 BLAKE 2850 34200
7782 CLARK 2450 29400
7499 ALLEN 1600 19200
7844 TURNER 1500 18000
7934 MILLER 1300 15600
7521 WARD 1250 15000
7654 MARTIN 1250 15000
7876 ADAMS 1100 13200
7900 JAMES 950 11400
7369 SMITH 800 9600
已选择14行。
查询员工信息,按佣金升序或降序排列,null值放后面(nulls last)
select * from emp order by comm asc;
SQL> select * from emp order by comm asc;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
已选择14行。
select * from emp order by comm desc nulls last;
SQL> select * from emp order by comm desc nulls last;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
已选择14行。
查询员工信息,按工资降序排列,相同工资的员工再按入职时间降序排列
select * from emp order by sal desc,hiredate desc;
SQL> select * from emp order by sal desc,hiredate desc;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- ---------- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-11月-81 5000 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-6月 -81 2450 10
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-1月 -82 1300 10
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20
已选择14行。
测试LOWER/UPPER/INITCAP函数
select lower('Hello World') "转小写",upper('Hello World') "转大写",initcap('hello world') "首字母大写" from dual;
SQL> select lower('Hello World') "转小写",upper('Hello World') "转大写",initcap(
'hello world') "首字母大写" from dual;
转小写 转大写 首字母大写
---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------
hello world HELLO WORLD Hello World
测试CONCAT/SUBSTR函数,从1开始:
select concat('hello',' world') "字符串拼接",substr('hello world',7,11) "字符串截取" from dual;
SQL> select concat('hello',' world') "字符串拼接",substr('hello world',7,11) "字
符串截取" from dual;
字符串拼接 字符串截取
---------------------- ----------
hello world world
测试LENGTH/LENGTHB函数:
select length('中CHINA') "字符",lengthb('中CHINA') "字节" from dual;
SQL> select length('中CHINA') "字符",lengthb('中CHINA') "字节" from dual;
字符 字节
---------- ----------
6 8
length:不管中英文,都是1位
lengthb:英文,是1位;中文是3位【unicode即utf-8】测试INSTR/LPAD/RPAD函数
SQL> select instr('hello world','o'),lpad('haha',10,'#'),rpad('hehe',10,'@') fro
m dual;
INSTR('HELLOWORLD','O') LPAD('HAHA',10,'#') RPAD('HEHE',10,'@')
----------------------- -------------------- --------------------
5 ######haha hehe@@@@@@
测试TRIM/REPLACE函数
select trim('x' from 'xxxHELLOxxxWORLDxxx'),replace('abcd','c','$') from dual;
SQL> select trim('x' from 'xxxHELLOxxxWORLDxxx'),replace('abcd','c','$') from du
al;
TRIM('X'FROM'XXXHELLOXXXWO REPLACE(
-------------------------- --------
HELLOxxxWORLD ab$d
select trim(' ' from ' HELLO WORLD ') from dual;
SQL> select trim(' ' from ' HELLO WORLD ') from dual;
TRIM(''FROM'HELLOWORLD')
--------------------------
HELLO WORLD
测试ROUND/TRUNC/MOD函数
select round(3.1415926,3),trunc(3.1415926,3),mod(1000,300) from dual;
SQL> select round(3.1415926,3),trunc(3.1415926,3),mod(1000,300) from dual;
ROUND(3.1415926,3) TRUNC(3.1415926,3) MOD(1000,300)
------------------ ------------------ -------------
3.142 3.141 100
select round(sysdate,'month') from dual;
SQL> select round(sysdate,'month') from dual;
ROUND(SYSDATE,
--------------
01-7月 -16
select trunc(sysdate,'month') from dual;
SQL> select trunc(sysdate,'month') from dual;
TRUNC(SYSDATE,
--------------
01-6月 -16
显示昨天,今天,明天的日期
select sysdate-1 "昨天",sysdate "今天",sysdate+1 明天 from dual;
SQL> select sysdate-1 "昨天",sysdate "今天",sysdate+1 明天 from dual;
昨天 今天 明天
-------------- -------------- --------------
19-6月 -16 20-6月 -16 21-6月 -16
以年和月形式显示员工近似工龄
select ename "姓名",sysdate-hiredate "日工龄",(sysdate-hiredate)/30 "月工龄",(sysdate-hiredate)/365 "年工龄" from emp;
SQL> select ename "姓名",sysdate-hiredate "日工龄",(sysdate-hiredate)/30 "月工龄
",(sysdate-hiredate)/365 "年工龄" from emp;
姓名 日工龄 月工龄 年工龄
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 12969.987 432.332899 35.5342109
ALLEN 12904.987 430.166232 35.3561287
WARD 12902.987 430.099566 35.3506492
JONES 12863.987 428.799566 35.2437999
MARTIN 12684.987 422.832899 34.753389
BLAKE 12834.987 427.832899 35.1643479
CLARK 12795.987 426.532899 35.0574985
SCOTT 10655.987 355.199566 29.1944848
KING 12634.987 421.166232 34.6164027
TURNER 12704.987 423.499566 34.8081835
ADAMS 10621.987 354.066232 29.1013342
JAMES 12618.987 420.632899 34.572567
FORD 12618.987 420.632899 34.572567
MILLER 12567.987 418.932899 34.432841
已选择14行。
使用MONTHS_BETWEEN函数,以精确月形式显示员工工龄
select ename "姓名",(sysdate-hiredate)/30 "近似月工龄",months_between(sysdate,hiredate) "精确月工龄" from emp;
SQL> select ename "姓名",(sysdate-hiredate)/30 "近似月工龄",months_between(sysda
te,hiredate) "精确月工龄" from emp;
姓名 近似月工龄 精确月工龄
-------------------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 432.332915 426.128627
ALLEN 430.166248 424
WARD 430.099581 423.967337
JONES 428.799581 422.612498
MARTIN 422.832915 416.773788
BLAKE 427.832915 421.644756
CLARK 426.532915 420.386692
SCOTT 355.199581 350.064111
KING 421.166248 415.128627
TURNER 423.499581 417.41895
ADAMS 354.066248 348.935079
JAMES 420.632915 414.58024
FORD 420.632915 414.58024
MILLER 418.932915 412.935079
已选择14行。
测试ADD_MONTHS函数
select add_months(sysdate,3) from dual;
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,3) from dual;
ADD_MONTHS(SYS
--------------
20-9月 -16
测试NEXT_DAY函数【中文平台】
select next_day(sysdate,'星期三') from dual;
SQL> select next_day(sysdate,'星期三') from dual;
NEXT_DAY(SYSDA
--------------
22-6月 -16
从今天开始算,下一个星期三是多少号?
select next_day(next_day(sysdate,'星期三'),'星期三') from dual;
SQL> select next_day(next_day(sysdate,'星期三'),'星期三') from dual;
NEXT_DAY(NEXT_
--------------
29-6月 -16
日期隐式转换,读字符串,判断是否符合日期格式要求,再隐式转换,效率低
select ename,hiredate from emp where hiredate='17-12月-80';
隐式转换
'123'字符串-->123数值
'1-1月-13'--->1-1月-13
123---------->'123'
1-1月-13----->'1-1月-13'
日期显式转换,效率高,项目中提倡使用
select ename,to_char(hiredate,'yyyy-mm-dd') from emp where hiredate=to_date('1980-12-17','yyyy-mm-dd');
SQL> select ename,to_char(hiredate,'yyyy-mm-dd') from emp where hiredate=to_date
('1980-12-17','yyyy-mm-dd');
ENAME TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'YY
---------- --------------------
SMITH 1980-12-17
使用to_char()函数将日期转成字符串,显示如下格式:2012-12-1 今天是 星期六 20:12:47
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS'
--------------------------------------
2016-06-20 23:48:23
select to_char(sysdate,'YYYY-MM-DD-DAY HH:MI:SS AM')from dual;
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'YYYY-MM-DD-DAY HH:MI:SS AM')from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD-DAYHH:MI:SSAM')
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2016-06-20-星期一 11:50:02 下午
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd "今天是" day hh24:mi:ss') "时间"from dual;
常量一定要用""双引号定界
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd "今天是" day hh24:mi:ss') "时间"from dua
l;
时间
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2016-06-20 今天是 星期一 23:50:35
显示员工工资,加上$或¥符号和千位符
select ename,to_char(sal,'$9,999') from emp;
select ename,to_char(sal,'L9,999') from emp;
SQL> select ename,to_char(sal,'$9,999') from emp;
ENAME TO_CHAR(SAL,'$
---------- --------------
SMITH $800
ALLEN $1,600
WARD $1,250
JONES $2,975
MARTIN $1,250
BLAKE $2,850
CLARK $2,450
SCOTT $3,000
KING $5,000
TURNER $1,500
ADAMS $1,100
JAMES $950
FORD $3,000
MILLER $1,300
已选择14行。
SQL> select ename,to_char(sal,'L9,999') from emp;
ENAME TO_CHAR(SAL,'L9,999')
---------- --------------------------------
SMITH ¥800
ALLEN ¥1,600
WARD ¥1,250
JONES ¥2,975
MARTIN ¥1,250
BLAKE ¥2,850
CLARK ¥2,450
SCOTT ¥3,000
KING ¥5,000
TURNER ¥1,500
ADAMS ¥1,100
JAMES ¥950
FORD ¥3,000
MILLER ¥1,300
已选择14行。
使用to_number()函数将字符串转成数字
select to_number('123')+100 "结果" from dual;
SQL> select to_number('123')+100 "结果" from dual;
结果
----------
223
使用nul函数,统计员工年收入
select ename,12*sal+nvl(comm,0) from emp;
SQL> select ename,12*sal+nvl(comm,0) from emp;
ENAME 12*SAL+NVL(COMM,0)
---------- ------------------
SMITH 9600
ALLEN 19500
WARD 15500
JONES 35700
MARTIN 16400
BLAKE 34200
CLARK 29400
SCOTT 36000
KING 60000
TURNER 18000
ADAMS 13200
JAMES 11400
FORD 36000
MILLER 15600
已选择14行。
使用nul2函数,统计员工年收入
使用nullif函数,比较10和10.0是否相同
select nullif(10,10.0)from dual;
使用case表达式,职位是总载的,工资+1000;职位是经理的,工资+800;职位是其它的,工资+400
select ename,job,sal,
case job
when 'PRESIDENT' then sal+1000
when 'MANAGER' then sal+800
else sal+400
end "涨后薪水"
from emp;
SQL> select ename,job,sal,
2 case job
3 when 'PRESIDENT' then sal+1000
4 when 'MANAGER' then sal+800
5 else sal+400
6 end "涨后薪水"
7 from emp;
ENAME JOB SAL 涨后薪水
---------- ---------- ----- ----------
SMITH CLERK 800 1200
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 2000
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1650
JONES MANAGER 2975 3775
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1650
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3650
CLARK MANAGER 2450 3250
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3400
KING PRESIDENT 5000 6000
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1900
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1500
JAMES CLERK 950 1350
FORD ANALYST 3000 3400
MILLER CLERK 1300 1700
已选择14行。
各数据库厂都支持ANSISQL标准
使用decode函数,职位是总载的,工资+1000;职位是经理的,工资+800;职位是其它的,工资+400
select ename,job,sal 涨前薪水,
decode(job,'PRESIDENT',sal+1000,'MANAGER',sal+800,sal+400) "涨后薪水" from emp;
decode函数专用
SQL> select ename,job,sal 涨前薪水,
2 decode(job,'PRESIDENT',sal+1000,'MANAGER',sal+800,sal+400) "涨后薪水
" from emp;
ENAME JOB 涨前薪水 涨后薪水
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 800 1200
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 2000
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1650
JONES MANAGER 2975 3775
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1650
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3650
CLARK MANAGER 2450 3250
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3400
KING PRESIDENT 5000 6000
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1900
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1500
JAMES CLERK 950 1350
FORD ANALYST 3000 3400
MILLER CLERK 1300 1700
已选择14行。
员工总工资,平均工资
select sum(sal) "总工资",round(avg(sal),2) "平均工资" from emp;
SQL> select sum(sal) "总工资",round(avg(sal),2) "平均工资" from emp;
总工资 平均工资
---------- ----------
29025 2073.21
员工最高工资,最低工资
select max(sal) "最高工资",min(sal) "最低工资" from emp;
SQL> select max(sal) "最高工资",min(sal) "最低工资" from emp;
最高工资 最低工资
---------- ----------
5000 800
入职最早员工,入职最晚员工
select max(hiredate) "最晚入职员工",min(hiredate) "最早入职员工" from emp;
SQL> select max(hiredate) "最晚入职员工",min(hiredate) "最早入职员工" from emp;
最晚入职员工 最早入职员工
-------------- --------------
23-5月 -87 17-12月-80
求员工总人数
select count(*) 员工总人数 from emp;
SQL> select count(*) 员工总人数 from emp;
员工总人数
----------
14
统计有佣金的员工人数
select count(comm) 有佣金的员工人数 from emp;
SQL> select count(comm) 有佣金的员工人数 from emp;
有佣金的员工人数
----------------
4
分组函数不统计null值
统计公司有多少个部门
SQL> select count(distinct deptno) from emp;
COUNT(DISTINCTDEPTNO)
---------------------
3
按部门求出部门平均工资
--以下SQL语句是正确
select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) from emp group by deptno;
SQL> select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) from emp group by deptno;
DEPTNO TRUNC(AVG(SAL),0)
------ -----------------
30 1566
20 2175
10 2916
select trunc(avg(sal),0) from emp group by deptno;
SQL> select trunc(avg(sal),0) from emp group by deptno;
TRUNC(AVG(SAL),0)
-----------------
1566
2175
2916
--以下SQL语句是错误,原因在于select子句中的非组函数没有全部出现在group by子句中
select ename,deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0)
from emp
group by ename;
查询部门平均工资大于2000元的部门
select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) "部门平均工资"
from emp
group by deptno
having trunc(avg(sal),0)>2000;
SQL> select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) "部门平均工资"
2 from emp
3 group by deptno
4 having trunc(avg(sal),0)>2000;
DEPTNO 部门平均工资
------ ------------
20 2175
10 2916
除10号部门外,查询部门平均工资大于2000元的部门
方式一
select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) "部门平均工资"
from emp
group by deptno
having trunc(avg(sal),0)>2000 and deptno!=10;
SQL> select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) "部门平均工资"
2 from emp
3 group by deptno
4 having trunc(avg(sal),0)>2000 and deptno!=10;
DEPTNO 部门平均工资
------ ------------
20 2175
方式二【先行过滤,再组过滤,性能较佳】
select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) "部门平均工资"
from emp
where deptno!=10
group by deptno
having trunc(avg(sal),0)>2000;
SQL> select deptno,trunc(avg(sal),0) "部门平均工资"
2 from emp
3 where deptno!=10
4 group by deptno
5 having trunc(avg(sal),0)>2000;
DEPTNO 部门平均工资
------ ------------
20 2175
显示部门平均工资的最大值
select max(avg(sal))
from emp
group by deptno;
SQL> select max(avg(sal))
2 from emp
3 group by deptno;
MAX(AVG(SAL))
-------------
2916.66667