4.5-磁盘格式化（上）

磁盘虽然分好区了，但是还不能用，我们还需要在这每个分区上格式化。所谓格式化，其实就是安装文件系统，Windows下的文件系统有 Fat32、NTFS，CentOS使用的文件系统为 ext。之前CentOS版本使用ext3作为默认的文件系统，而CentOS6使用ext4作为默认的文件系统

CentOS7 支持的文件系统格式

[root@evan-01 ~]# cat /etc/filesystems
xfs
ext4
ext3
ext2
nodev proc
nodev devpts
iso9660
vfat
hfs
hfsplus
*
[root@evan-01 ~]#

xfs 是CentOS7 默认的文件系统

查看分区的文件系统
/ 和 /boot 都是xfs

[root@evan-01 ~]# mount

格式化分区前的准备
查看分区

[root@evan-01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c973a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@evan-01 ~]#

创建分区
n创建新分区，p选择主分区，回车（默认分区号1），回车（默认磁盘扇区从2048开始），+3G（设置分区大小为3G），p（查看分区）发现已经有了1个主分区了，w保存退出

[root@evan-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6e55b372.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +3G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 3 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6e55b372

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     6293503     3145728   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@evan-01 ~]#

格式化分区
命令：mke2fs、mkfs.ext2、mkfs.ext3 和 mkfs.ext4

-t 指定格式化成什么类型的文件系统，可以是 ext2、ext3也可以是ext4 、xfs
-b 分区时设定每个数据区块占用空间大小，目前支持 1024 、2048 以及 4096 Bytes

mkfs.ext4 === mke2fs -t ext4

[root@evan-01 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 786432 blocks
39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@evan-01 ~]# 

[root@evan-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 786432 blocks
39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@evan-01 ~]# 

mke2fs 不支持 xfs，换种写法 mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

[root@evan-01 ~]# mke2fs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Your mke2fs.conf file does not define the xfs filesystem type.
Aborting...
[root@evan-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
mkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (ext4).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.

因为 sdb1分区已经有文件系统了，所以需要使用 -f 强制覆盖下

[root@evan-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=196608 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=786432, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

查看没有挂载的格式化后的分区

[root@evan-01 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="c6329596-b26c-45dd-88ea-c7b5ba77cf95" TYPE="xfs" 
[root@evan-01 ~]#