Linux信号是一种异步机制:信号处理函数和程序的主循环是两条不同的执行路线。很显然,信号处理函数需要尽可能快的执行完毕,以确保该信号不会被屏蔽太久(为了避免一些竞态条件,信号在处理期间,系统不会再次触发它),一种典型的解决方法是:
把信号的主要处理逻辑放到程序的主循环中,当信号处理函数被触发时,它只是简单的通知主循环接收到信号,并把信号值传给主循环,主循环再根据接收到的信号值执行目标函数对应的逻辑代码。
信号处理函数通常使用管道将信号传递给主循环:信号处理函数往管道的写端写入信号值,主循环从管道的读端读出该信号值,那么主循环怎么知道管道上何时有数据可读呢?
这很简单,只需要使用I/O复用系统调用来监听管道的读端文件描述符上的可读事件,如此一来,信号事件就能和其他I/O事件一样被处理,即统一事件源。
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/epoll.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
static int pipefd[2];
int setnonblock(int fd){
int old_option = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_option);
return old_option;
}
void addfd(int epollfd, int fd){
epoll_event event;
event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
event.data.fd = fd;
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event);
setnonblock(fd);
}
//信号处理函数
void sig_handler(int sig){
//保留原来的errno,在函数最后恢复,以保证函数的可重用性
int save_errno = errno;
int msg = sig;
//使用一个局部变量代替errno,防止发生竞态
send(pipefd[1], (char*)&msg, 1, 0);
errno = save_errno;
}
//设置信号的处理函数
void addsig(int sig){
struct sigaction sa;
memset(&sa, '\0', sizeof(sa));
sa.sa_handler = sig_handler;
sa.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
assert(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) != -1);
}
int main(int atgc, char* argv[]){
if(argc <= 2){
printf("usage: %s ip_address port_num\n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
const char* ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_aton(ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(listenfd >= 0);
ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));
assert(ret != -1);
ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
assert(ret != -1);
epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
int epollfd = epoll_create(5);
assert(epollfd != -1);
addfd(epollfd, listenfd);
ret = socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, pipefd);
assert(ret != -1);
//将写端设置为非阻塞的
setnonblock(pipefd[1]);
addfd(epollfd, pipefd[0]);
addsig(SIGHUP);
addsig(SIGCHLD);
addsig(SIGTERM);
addsig(SIGINT);
bool stop_server = false;
while(!stop_server){
int num = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER, -1);
if((num < 0) && (errno != EINTR)){
printf("epoll failure\n");
break;
}
for(int i = 0; i < num; i++){
int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
if(sockfd == listenfd){
struct sockaddr_in client;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
int connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));
addfd(epollfd, connfd);
}
else if((sockfd == pipefd[0]) && (events[i].events & EPOLLIN)){
int sig;
char signals[1024];
ret = recv(pipefd[0], signals, sizeof(signals), 0);
if(ret == -1){
continue;
}
else if(ret == 0){
continue;
}
else{
for(int j = 0; j < ret; j++){
switch(signals[j]){
case SIGHUP:
case SIGCHLD:{
continue;
}
case SIGTERM:
case SIGINT:{
stop_server = true;
}
}
}
}
}
else{
}
}
}
printf("close fds\n");
close(listenfd);
close(pipefd[1]);
close(pipefd[0]);
return 0;
}