18. 常用API

日期与时间

Date

/**
 * 使用Date类处理时间，获取时间信息
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个Data类的对象，代表此刻系统日期时间对象
        Date d = new Date();
        System.out.println(d);

        //获取时间毫秒值
        long time = d.getTime();
        System.out.println(time);

        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(time1);
        
    }
}

案例 

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 得到当前时间毫秒值
        Date d1 = new Date();
        System.out.println(d1);

        // 当前时间往后走 1小时 121秒
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
        time += (60 * 60 +121) * 1000;

        // 把时间毫秒值转换成对应日期对象
        Date d2 = new Date(time);
//        Date d2 = new Date();
//        d2.setTime(time);
        System.out.println(d2);
    }
}

SimpleDateFormat

介绍

 

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 日期对象
        Date d = new Date();
        System.out.println(d);

        // 格式化日期对象
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss EEE a");

        // 开始格式化日期对象成为字符串形式
        String rs = sdf.format(d);
        System.out.println(rs);

        // 格式化时间毫秒值
        //问：121秒后的时间是多少
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis() + 121 * 1000;
        String rs2 = sdf.format(time);
        System.out.println(rs2);
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {
        //字符串时间拿到程序中来
        String dateStr = "2021年08月06日 11:11:11";

        //把字符串时间解析成日期对象 形式必须与被解析时间形式完全一样，否侧运行时会报错
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");
        Date d = sdf.parse(dateStr);

        //往后走的时间
        long time = d.getTime() + (2L*24*60*60 + 14*60*60 + 49*60 +6) * 1000;

        //格式化时间毫秒值就是结果
        System.out.println(sdf.format(time));
    }
}

总结

练习

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {
        // 记录开始和结束时间
        String startTime = "2021-11-11 00:00:00";
        String endTime = "2021-11-11 00:10:00";

        // 小贾和小皮
        String xiaoJia = "2021-11-11 00:03:47";
        String xiaoPi = "2021-11-11 00:10:11";

        // 解析他们的时间
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        Date d1 = sdf.parse(startTime);
        Date d2 = sdf.parse(endTime);
        Date d3 = sdf.parse(xiaoJia);
        Date d4 = sdf.parse(xiaoPi);

        if (d3.after(d1) && d3.before(d2)) {
            System.out.println("小贾秒杀成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("小贾秒杀失败");
        }

        if (d4.after(d1) && d4.before(d2)) {
            System.out.println("小皮秒杀成功");
        } else {
            System.out.println("小皮秒杀失败");
        }
    }
}

Calendar

介绍

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 拿到系统此刻日历对象
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();

        // 获取日历信息
        int year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
        System.out.println(year);
        int month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
        System.out.println(year);
        int day = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
        System.out.println(year);

        // 修改日历的某个字段信息
        cal.set(Calendar.HOUR,12);
        System.out.println(cal);

        // 拿到此刻日期对象
        Date d = cal.getTime();
        System.out.println(d);

        // 拿到此刻时间毫秒值
        long time = cal.getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println(time);

    }
}

JDK8新增日期类

概述

LocalTime /LocalDate LocalDateTime

 

public class Demo01LocalDate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1、获取本地日期对象。
        LocalDate nowDate = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("今天的日期：" + nowDate);//今天的日期：

        int year = nowDate.getYear();
        System.out.println("year：" + year);


        int month = nowDate.getMonthValue();
        System.out.println("month：" + month);

        int day = nowDate.getDayOfMonth();
        System.out.println("day：" + day);

        //当年的第几天
        int dayOfYear = nowDate.getDayOfYear();
        System.out.println("dayOfYear：" + dayOfYear);

        //星期
        System.out.println(nowDate.getDayOfWeek());
        System.out.println(nowDate.getDayOfWeek().getValue());

        //月份
        System.out.println(nowDate.getMonth());//AUGUST
        System.out.println(nowDate.getMonth().getValue());//8

        System.out.println("------------------------");
        LocalDate bt = LocalDate.of(1991, 11, 11);
        System.out.println(bt);//直接传入对应的年月日
        System.out.println(LocalDate.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11));//相对上面只是把月换成了枚举
    }
}

public class Demo02LocalTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1、获取本地时间对象。
        LocalTime nowTime = LocalTime.now();
        System.out.println("今天的时间：" + nowTime);//今天的时间：

        int hour = nowTime.getHour();//时
        System.out.println("hour：" + hour);//hour：

        int minute = nowTime.getMinute();//分
        System.out.println("minute：" + minute);//minute：

        int second = nowTime.getSecond();//秒
        System.out.println("second：" + second);//second：

        int nano = nowTime.getNano();//纳秒
        System.out.println("nano：" + nano);//nano：

        System.out.println("-----");
        System.out.println(LocalTime.of(8, 20));//时分
        System.out.println(LocalTime.of(8, 20, 30));//时分秒
        System.out.println(LocalTime.of(8, 20, 30, 150));//时分秒纳秒
        LocalTime mTime = LocalTime.of(8, 20, 30, 150);

        System.out.println("---------------");
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(1991, 11, 11, 8, 20));
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 8, 20));
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(1991, 11, 11, 8, 20, 30));
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 8, 20, 30));
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(1991, 11, 11, 8, 20, 30, 150));
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(1991, Month.NOVEMBER, 11, 8, 20, 30, 150));
    }
}

public class Demo03LocalDateTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 日期 时间
        LocalDateTime nowDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println("今天是：" + nowDateTime);//今天是：
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getYear());//年
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMonthValue());//月
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfMonth());//日
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getHour());//时
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMinute());//分
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getSecond());//秒
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getNano());//纳秒
        //日：当年的第几天
        System.out.println("dayOfYear：" + nowDateTime.getDayOfYear());//dayOfYear：249
        //星期
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfWeek());//THURSDAY
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getDayOfWeek().getValue());//4
        //月份
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMonth());//SEPTEMBER
        System.out.println(nowDateTime.getMonth().getValue());//9


        LocalDate ld = nowDateTime.toLocalDate();
        System.out.println(ld);

        LocalTime lt = nowDateTime.toLocalTime();
        System.out.println(lt.getHour());
        System.out.println(lt.getMinute());
        System.out.println(lt.getSecond());
    }
}

 

public class Demo04UpdateTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalTime nowTime = LocalTime.now();
        System.out.println(nowTime);//当前时间
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusHours(1));//一小时前
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusMinutes(1));//一分钟前
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusSeconds(1));//一秒前
        System.out.println(nowTime.minusNanos(1));//一纳秒前

        System.out.println("----------------");

        System.out.println(nowTime.plusHours(1));//一小时后
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusMinutes(1));//一分钟后
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusSeconds(1));//一秒后
        System.out.println(nowTime.plusNanos(1));//一纳秒后

        System.out.println("------------------");
        // 不可变对象，每次修改产生新对象！
        System.out.println(nowTime);

        System.out.println("---------------");
        LocalDate myDate = LocalDate.of(2018, 9, 5);
        LocalDate nowDate = LocalDate.now();

        System.out.println("今天是2018-09-06吗？ " + nowDate.equals(myDate));//今天是2018-09-06吗？ false
        System.out.println(myDate + "是否在" + nowDate + "之前？ " + myDate.isBefore(nowDate));//2018-09-05是否在2018-09-06之前？ true
        System.out.println(myDate + "是否在" + nowDate + "之后？ " + myDate.isAfter(nowDate));//2018-09-05是否在2018-09-06之后？ false

        System.out.println("---------------------------");
        // 判断今天是否是你的生日
        LocalDate birDate = LocalDate.of(1996, 8, 5);
        LocalDate nowDate1 = LocalDate.now();

        MonthDay birMd = MonthDay.of(birDate.getMonthValue(), birDate.getDayOfMonth());
        MonthDay nowMd = MonthDay.from(nowDate1);

        System.out.println("今天是你的生日吗？ " + birMd.equals(nowMd));//今天是你的生日吗？ false
    }
}

Instant

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 得到一个Instant时间戳对象
        Instant instant = Instant.now();
        System.out.println(instant);

        // 获取此刻的时间戳
        Instant instant1 = Instant.now();
        System.out.println(instant1.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()));

        // 如何返回Date对象
        Date date = Date.from(instant);
        System.out.println(date);

        Instant i2 = date.toInstant();
        System.out.println(i2);
    }
}

DateTimeFormatter

public class Demo06DateTimeFormat {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 本地此刻  日期时间 对象
        LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(ldt);

        // 解析/格式化器
        DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss EEE a");
        // 正向格式化
        System.out.println(dtf.format(ldt));
        // 逆向格式化
        System.out.println(ldt.format(dtf));

        // 解析字符串时间
        DateTimeFormatter dtf1 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        // 解析当前字符串时间成为本地日期时间对象
        LocalDateTime ldt1 = LocalDateTime.parse("2019-11-11 11:11:11" ,  dtf1);
        System.out.println(ldt1);
        System.out.println(ldt1.getDayOfYear());
    }
}

Duration /Period

public class Demo07Period {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 当前本地 年月日
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println(today);//

        // 生日的 年月日
        LocalDate birthDate = LocalDate.of(1998, 10, 13);
        System.out.println(birthDate);

        Period period = Period.between(birthDate, today);//第二个参数减第一个参数

        System.out.println(period.getYears());
        System.out.println(period.getMonths());
        System.out.println(period.getDays());
    }
}

public class Demo08Duration {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 本地日期时间对象。
        LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(today);

        // 出生的日期时间对象
        LocalDateTime birthDate = LocalDateTime.of(2021,8
                ,06,01,00,00);

        System.out.println(birthDate);

        Duration duration = Duration.between(today , birthDate);//第二个参数减第一个参数

        System.out.println(duration.toDays());//两个时间差的天数
        System.out.println(duration.toHours());//两个时间差的小时数
        System.out.println(duration.toMinutes());//两个时间差的分钟数
        System.out.println(duration.toMillis());//两个时间差的毫秒数
        System.out.println(duration.toNanos());//两个时间差的纳秒数
    }
}

ChronoUint

public class Demo09ChronoUnit {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 本地日期时间对象：此刻的
        LocalDateTime today = LocalDateTime.now();
        System.out.println(today);

        // 生日时间
        LocalDateTime birthDate = LocalDateTime.of(1990,10,1,
                10,50,59);
        System.out.println(birthDate);

        System.out.println("相差的年数：" + ChronoUnit.YEARS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的月数：" + ChronoUnit.MONTHS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的周数：" + ChronoUnit.WEEKS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的天数：" + ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的时数：" + ChronoUnit.HOURS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的分数：" + ChronoUnit.MINUTES.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的秒数：" + ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的毫秒数：" + ChronoUnit.MILLIS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的微秒数：" + ChronoUnit.MICROS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的纳秒数：" + ChronoUnit.NANOS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的半天数：" + ChronoUnit.HALF_DAYS.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的十年数：" + ChronoUnit.DECADES.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的世纪（百年）数：" + ChronoUnit.CENTURIES.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的千年数：" + ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA.between(birthDate, today));
        System.out.println("相差的纪元数：" + ChronoUnit.ERAS.between(birthDate, today));
    }
}

包装类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        Integer a1 = 11;
        Integer a2 = a; // 自动装箱
        System.out.println(a);
        System.out.println(a1);

        Integer it = 100;
        int it1 = it; // 自动拆箱
        System.out.println(it1);

        double db = 99.5;
        Double db2 = db; // 自动装箱
        double db3 = db2; // 自动拆箱
        System.out.println(db3);

        Integer age1 = null;

        System.out.println("——————————————————");
        // 包装类可以把基本类型到数据转换成字符串形式
        Integer i3 = 23;
        String rs = i3.toString();
        System.out.println(rs + 1);

        System.out.println("——————————————————");
        String number = "23";
        // 转换成整数
        //int age = Integer.parseInt(number);
        int age = Integer.valueOf(number);
        System.out.println(age);
    }
}

正则表达式

正则表达式概述、初体验

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 校验qq号 必须全部数字 6 - 20 位
        System.out.println(checkQQ("123456789"));
        /**
         * 结果
         * true
         */
    }

    public static boolean checkQQ(String qq) {
        return (qq != null && qq.matches("\\d{6,20}"));
    }
}

正则表达式的匹配规则

public class RegexDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //public boolean matches(String regex):判断是否与正则表达式匹配，匹配返回true
        // 只能是 a  b  c
        System.out.println("a".matches("[abc]")); // true
        System.out.println("z".matches("[abc]")); // false

        // 不能出现a  b  c
        System.out.println("a".matches("[^abc]")); // false
        System.out.println("z".matches("[^abc]")); // true

        System.out.println("a".matches("\\d")); // false
        System.out.println("3".matches("\\d")); // true
        System.out.println("333".matches("\\d")); // false
        System.out.println("z".matches("\\w")); // true
        System.out.println("2".matches("\\w")); // true
        System.out.println("21".matches("\\w")); // false
        System.out.println("你".matches("\\w")); //false
        System.out.println("你".matches("\\W")); // true
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        //  以上正则匹配只能校验单个字符。

        // 校验密码
        // 必须是数字 字母 下划线 至少 6位
        System.out.println("2442fsfsf".matches("\\w{6,}"));
        System.out.println("244f".matches("\\w{6,}"));

        // 验证码 必须是数字和字符  必须是4位
        System.out.println("23dF".matches("[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}"));
        System.out.println("23_F".matches("[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}"));
        System.out.println("23dF".matches("[\\w&&[^_]]{4}"));
        System.out.println("23_F".matches("[\\w&&[^_]]{4}"));

    }
}

正则表达式的常见案例

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 校验手机号 邮箱 电话号码
        checkPhone();
        checkEmail();
        checkTel();
    }

    public static void checkTel() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入电话号码");
            String tel = sc.next();
            // 判断手机号码格式是否正确
            if(tel.matches("0\\d{2,7}-?\\d{5,20}")) {
                System.out.println("格式正确");
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.println("格式有误！请重新输入");
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void checkEmail() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入邮箱");
            String email = sc.next();
            // 判断手机号码格式是否正确
            if(email.matches("\\w{1,30}@[a-zA-Z0-9]{2,20}(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]{2,20}){1,2}")) {
                System.out.println("邮箱格式正确");
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.println("邮箱有误！请重新输入");
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void checkPhone() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("请输入手机号");
            String phone = sc.next();
            // 判断手机号码格式是否正确
            if(phone.matches("1[3-9]\\d{9}")) {
                System.out.println("手机号码格式正确");
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.println("手机号码有！误请重新输入");
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }
}

正则表达式在方法中的应用

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String names = "小王jkldajfl老王";
        String[] arrs = names.split("\\w+");
        for (int i = 0; i < arrs.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arrs[i]);
        }

        String names2 = names.replaceAll("\\w+","  ");
        System.out.println(names2);

    }
}

正则表达式爬取信息

Arrays类

Arrays类概述，常用功能演示

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {10,2,55,23,24,100};
        System.out.println(arr);

        // 返回数组内容
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));

        // 对数组元素进行排序（默认升序）
        Arrays.sort(arr);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));

        // 二分搜索技术(前提数组必须排好序，否则会出bug)
        System.out.println(Arrays.binarySearch(arr, 55));

    }
}

Arrays类对于Comparator比较器的支持

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 自定义数组的排序规则
        // 降序排(自定义比较对象，只能支持引用类型排序)
        Integer[] ages = {34, 12, 23, 42};

        /**
         * 参数一：被排序的数组，必须是引用类型的元素
         * 参数二：匿名内部类对象，代表了一个比较器对象
         */
        Arrays.sort(ages, new Comparator<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
                // 自己制定比较规则
                //return o2 - o1; // 降序
                return o1 - o2; // 升序
            }
        });
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ages));

        Student[] s = new Student[3];
        s[0] = new Student("老王",23);
        s[1] = new Student("老李",25);
        s[2] = new Student("老潘",30);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(s));

        Arrays.sort(s, new Comparator<Student>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
                return o2.getAge() - o1.getAge(); //年龄降序
                //return Double.compare(o1.getAge(), o2.getAge()); //小数排序
            }
        });
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(s));
    }
}

常见算法

选择排序

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 定义数组
        int[] arr = {5 ,1 ,3 ,2};

        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
                if(arr[i] > arr[j]) {
                    //法一
                    arr[j] = arr[i] + arr[j] - (arr[i] = arr[j]);

                    //法二
                    int temp = arr[i];
                    arr[i] = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = temp;

                    //法三
                    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
                    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
                }
            }
        }

        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
    }
}

二分查找

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {10, 16 ,20 ,33};
        System.out.println(binarySearch(arr, 20));

    }

    /**
     * 二分查找算法的实现
     * @param arr 数组
     * @param data 要找的数据
     * @return 返回索引
     */
    public static int binarySearch(int[] arr,int data) {
        // 定义左位置和右位置
        int left = 0;
        int right = arr.length - 1;

        // 开始查找
        while (left <= right) {
            // 取中间索引
            int middleIndex = (left + right) / 2;
            // 判断当前中间位置和找的数据的大小情况
            if (data > arr[middleIndex]) {
                //往右找,左位置更新为中间索引+1
                left = middleIndex + 1;
            }else if (data < arr[middleIndex]) {
                //往左找,右位置更新为中间索引-1
                right = middleIndex - 1;
            }else {
                return middleIndex;
            }
        }
        return -1; //无data元素
    }
}

Lambda表达式枚举

Lambda概述

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public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        Swimming s = () -> {
//            System.out.println("牛逼");
//        };
//        go(s);
        go(() ->{
                System.out.println("更牛逼");
        });
    }
    public static void go(Swimming s) {
        System.out.println("游泳");
        s.swim();
        System.out.println("哈哈");
    }
}

@FunctionalInterface //加上这个注释必须是函数是接口，且只能又一个抽象方法
interface Swimming {
    void swim();
}

Lambda实战

 

  

Lambda表达式的省略规则