1.讲解
我们每添加一个starter,就相当于往spring容器里增加了相关功能的类,后续我们就可以直接使用每个starter提供的功能,比如当前添加了web方面的starter
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.15.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
启动
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppMain.class,args);
}
}
1.1 注解分析
1.1.1 @SpringBootApplication
SpringBoot注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) // 注解的适用范围,其中TYPE用于描述类、接口(包括包注解类型)或enum声明
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 注解的生命周期,保留到class文件中(三个生命周期)
@Documented // 表明这个注解应该被javadoc记录
@Inherited // 子类可以继承该注解
@SpringBootConfiguration // 继承了Configuration,表示当前是注解类
@EnableAutoConfiguration // 开启springboot的注解功能,springboot的四大神器之一,其借助@import的帮助
@ComponentScan( // 扫描路径设置( 默认会扫描当前 package 下的的所有加了@Component 、@Repository、@Service、@Controller的类到 IoC 容器中)
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
1.1.2 @SpringBootConfiguration
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
}
1.从源码可知,@SpringBootConfiguration其实就是表示一个配置的注解,这个注解,只是@Configuration注解的派生注解,跟@Configuration注解的功能一致,标注这个类是一个配置类,只不过@SpringBootConfiguration是springboot的注解,而@Configuration是spring的注解
2.一般这个注解和@Bean一起使用,就可以把需要增加的类通过@Bean来加入到spring容器中
1.1.3 @ComponentScan
spring注解 @ComponentScan,@ComponentScans 以及@Filter的使用
1.1.4 @EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
-
Spring框架提供的各种名字为@Enable开头的Annotation定义,比如@EnableScheduling、@EnableCaching、@EnableMBeanExport等,@EnableAutoConfiguration的理念和做事方式其实一脉相承,简单概括一下就是,借助@Import的支持,收集和注册特定场景相关的bean定义
-
如果需要设置自动配置的话,方法是将@EnableAutoconfiguration注解添加到您的@configuration类中。
1.1.5 @AutoConfigurationPackage
- @AutoConfigurationPackage的作用相似于
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zy"/>
-
AutoConfigurationPackage注解的作用是将 添加该注解的类所在的package 作为 自动配置package 进行管理。当SpringBoot应用启动时默认会将启动类所在的package作为自动配置的package
-
结合@ComponentScan,自动注入主类下所在包下(com.zy),所有的加了注解的类(@Controller,@Service等),以及配置类(@Configuration)
//向容器中注入一个Registrar实例
@Import({Registrar.class})
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
}
//一个内部类,实现了ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
Registrar() {
}
//注册操作,注册一个GenericBeanDefinition类实例,这个实例indexedArgumentValues第一个值为com.zy
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImport(metadata) 其实返回了当前主程序类的包路径
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImport(metadata)).getPackageName());
}
GenericBeanDefinition及其子类
了解Spring之BeanDefinition对象
1.1.6 @Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
-
@Import可以导入bean或者@Configuration修饰的配置类。如果配置类在标准的springboot的包结构下,就是SpringbootApplication启动类在包的根目录下,配置类在子包下。就不需要使用@Import导入配置类,如果配置类在第三方的jar下,我们想要引入这个配置类,就需要@Import对其引入到工程中才能生效。因为这个时候配置类不再springboot默认的扫描范围内。另外,
@Import 相当于Spring xml配置文件中的<import /> 标签
。 参考:Springboot2 注解@Import的使用 -
@import,这个主要可以用来导入第三方jar包使用的,比如我们平时用的starter,只要里面在META-INFO配置了配置文件,那么一样会自动加载到我们Spring容器中来
-
{AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}:导入AutoConfigurationImportSelector类到容器中
-
AutoConfigurationImportSelector 确定了导入哪些组件到选择器。该类中有个方法 selectImports,返回了一个 String 数组,其中内容就是需要导入的组件的全类名,这些组件会被自动添加到 Spring 容器。
如下,当SpringBoot启动后,初始化init或者refresh的时候,就会调用getAutoConfigurationEntry方法,从spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties或者META-INF/spring.factories路径下获取配置信息,然后查看其ConditionalOnClass或者ConditionalOnProperty(也就是@Conditon类型的注解)是否满足,满足才会对其进行自动注入
参考: springboot的自动配置原理
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata,
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
}
AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//获取配置
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
getCandidateConfigurations(获取候选配置):这个方法,就是获取配置文件中规定需要加载的全名称类
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
loadFactoryNames:此方法,就是会遍历所有META-INFO下面的相关配置文件,并读取到内存中来
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
}
此处,遍历所有jar包classpath中搜寻所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件,并将其中org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableutoConfiguration对应的配置项通过反射(Java Refletion)实例化为对应的标注了@Configuration的JavaConfig形式的IoC容器配置类,然后汇总为一个并加载到IoC容器(加载的时候,会通过一些filter来过滤XXonCondition注解,只有满足Condition的类才会生成到内存中),并读取出来,同时,把相关内容放到缓存cache中
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
while(var6.hasNext()) {
Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
String factoryClassName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] var9 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
int var10 = var9.length;
for(int var11 = 0; var11 < var10; ++var11) {
String factoryName = var9[var11];
result.add(factoryClassName, factoryName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
} catch (IOException var13) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var13);
}
}
}
1.1.7 后续待定…
1.2 代码分析
1.2.1 SpringApplication
1.执行SpringApplication.run方法后,会给我们返回一个ConfigurableApplicationContext对象,这个对象就是Spring上下文,我们可以从这个对象获取已经注入到Spring容器中的所有Bean
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
return (new SpringApplication(primarySources)).run(args);
}
2.new SpringApplication(primarySources):其实返回的是SpringApplication类,这个类里封装了部分属性
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.sources = new LinkedHashSet();
this.bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE;
this.logStartupInfo = true;
this.addCommandLineProperties = true;
this.addConversionService = true;
this.headless = true;
this.registerShutdownHook = true;
this.additionalProfiles = new HashSet();
this.isCustomEnvironment = false;
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
//参数是ApplicationContextInitializer,则从配置文件中查找org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer标记的所有配置类
this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//同理,参数是ApplicationListener,则查找applicationListener相关的类
this.setListeners(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = this.deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath():判断是否为web应用。通过判断webflux相关的类是否存在,存在则认为是REACTIVE类型,不存在继续判断servlet相关的类是否存在,都存在则认为是SERVLET类型,都不存在则认为是NONE类型。
static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
if (ClassUtils.isPresent("org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler", (ClassLoader)null) && !ClassUtils.isPresent("org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet", (ClassLoader)null) && !ClassUtils.isPresent("org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer", (ClassLoader)null)) {
return REACTIVE;
} else {
String[] var0 = SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES;
int var1 = var0.length;
for(int var2 = 0; var2 < var1; ++var2) {
String className = var0[var2];
if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, (ClassLoader)null)) {
return NONE;
}
}
return SERVLET;
}
}
获取相关配置类实例
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = this.getClassLoader();
//获取初始化配置信息,比如type传递的是org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer,则获取这个key下的所有初始化类
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = this.createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
createSpringFactoriesInstances()方法中,通过反射的方式创建出各ApplicationContextInitializer所有实现类的实例,然后添加到List中返回。setInitializers()方法最终完成SpringApplication类中initializers变量的注入
private <T> List<T> createSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, ClassLoader classLoader, Object[] args, Set<String> names) {
List<T> instances = new ArrayList(names.size());
Iterator var7 = names.iterator();
while(var7.hasNext()) {
String name = (String)var7.next();
try {
Class<?> instanceClass = ClassUtils.forName(name, classLoader);
Assert.isAssignable(type, instanceClass);
Constructor<?> constructor = instanceClass.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes);
T instance = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructor, args);
instances.add(instance);
} catch (Throwable var12) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot instantiate " + type + " : " + name, var12);
}
}
return instances;
}
1.2.2 ConfigurableApplicationContext
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//记录程序运行时间
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
//Spring 应用的上下文
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
this.configureHeadlessProperty();
// 获取 SpringApplicationRunListeners
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
Collection exceptionReporters;
try {
// 创建 ApplicationArguments 对象
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
// 加载属性配置
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
// 处理需要忽略的Bean
this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
// 打印 banner
Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
// 创建 Spring 应用上下文
context = this.createApplicationContext();
// 实例化 SpringBootExceptionReporter,用来报告关于启动过程中的错误
exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
// 应用上下文的准备阶段
this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
// 刷新应用上下文(自动装配,初始化 IOC 容器)
this.refreshContext(context);
this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
(new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
} catch (Throwable var10) {
this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
return context;
} catch (Throwable var9) {
this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
}
}
1.2.3 后续待定…
2.其他
参考
一文搞懂springboot启动原理
springboot核心原理
SpringBoot 2.X课程学习 | 第三篇:自动配置(Auto-configuration)
【SpringBoot】自动配置原理解析
springboot初学(二)EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector
SpringApplication.run 到底做了什么?
SpringApplication.run执行流程详解
SpringBoot启动流程分析(二):SpringApplication的run方法