(一)BootStrap启动类

  Bootstrap是Tomcat的启动类。

org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstart类

  Bootstrap类是Tomcat的启动类， 下面是其main方法：

public static void main(String args[]) {

    // Set the debug flag appropriately
    for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)  {
        if ("-debug".equals(args[i]))
            debug = 1;
    }
    
    // Configure catalina.base from catalina.home if not yet set
    if (System.getProperty("catalina.base") == null) {
        if (debug >= 1) {
            log(getCatalinaHome());
        }
        System.setProperty("catalina.base", getCatalinaHome());
    }

    // Construct the class loaders we will need
    ClassLoader commonLoader = null;
    ClassLoader catalinaLoader = null;
    ClassLoader sharedLoader = null;
    try {

        File unpacked[] = new File[1];
        File packed[] = new File[1];
        File packed2[] = new File[2];
        ClassLoaderFactory.setDebug(debug);

        unpacked[0] = new File(getCatalinaHome(),
                               "common" + File.separator + "classes");
        packed2[0] = new File(getCatalinaHome(),
                              "common" + File.separator + "endorsed");
        packed2[1] = new File(getCatalinaHome(),
                              "common" + File.separator + "lib");
        commonLoader =
            ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(unpacked, packed2, null);

        unpacked[0] = new File(getCatalinaHome(),
                               "server" + File.separator + "classes");
        packed[0] = new File(getCatalinaHome(),
                             "server" + File.separator + "lib");
        catalinaLoader =
            ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(unpacked, packed,
                                                 commonLoader);

        unpacked[0] = new File(getCatalinaBase(),
                               "shared" + File.separator + "classes");
        packed[0] = new File(getCatalinaBase(),
                             "shared" + File.separator + "lib");
        sharedLoader =
            ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(unpacked, packed,
                                                 commonLoader);
    } catch (Throwable t) {

        log("Class loader creation threw exception", t);
        System.exit(1);

    }

    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);

    // Load our startup class and call its process() method
    try {

        /**
         * 加载一些类，用处如下
         * Static class used to preload java classes when using the
         * Java SecurityManager so that the defineClassInPackage
         * RuntimePermission does not trigger an AccessControlException.
         */
        SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);


        /**
         * Instantiate a startup class instance, 即catalina类
         */
        if (debug >= 1)
            log("Loading startup class");
        Class startupClass =
            catalinaLoader.loadClass
            ("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
        Object startupInstance = startupClass.newInstance();



        // Set the shared extensions class loader
        /**
         * 设置sharedLoader为Catalina的 parent类加载器
         */
        if (debug >= 1)
            log("Setting startup class properties");
        String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
        Class paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
        paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
        Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
        paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
        Method method =
            startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);

        // Call the process() method
        if (debug >= 1)
            log("Calling startup class process() method");
        methodName = "process";
        paramTypes = new Class[1];
        paramTypes[0] = args.getClass();
        paramValues = new Object[1];
        paramValues[0] = args;
        method =
            startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);

    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("Exception during startup processing");
        e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        System.exit(2);
    }

}

主要流程如下：

1. 设置"catalina.base"系统变量，若不存在，则默认为"user.dir"(即项目目录)。
2. 创建3个类加载器：commonLoader, catalinaLoader, sharedLoader, 三种类加载器的关系如下：(双亲委派模型)

   graph BT
   catalinaLoader-->commonLoader
   应用程序类Loader-->sharedLoader
   sharedLoader-->commonLoader
   

3. 使用catalinaLoader加载类Catalina，实例化，调用其process()方法。

类加载器的创建方法

  上面使用静态方法ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader()来创建一个类加载器，来看看源码

public static ClassLoader createClassLoader(File unpacked[],
                                            File packed[],
                                            ClassLoader parent)
    throws Exception {

    if (debug >= 1)
        log("Creating new class loader");

    // Construct the "class path" for this class loader
    ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

    // Add unpacked directories
    if (unpacked != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < unpacked.length; i++)  {
            File file = unpacked[i];
            if (!file.isDirectory() || !file.exists() || !file.canRead())
                continue;
            if (debug >= 1)
                log("  Including directory " + file.getAbsolutePath());
            URL url = new URL("file", null,
                              file.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator);
            list.add(url.toString());
        }
    }

    // Add packed directory JAR files
    if (packed != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < packed.length; i++) {
            File directory = packed[i];
            if (!directory.isDirectory() || !directory.exists() ||
                !directory.canRead())
                continue;
            String filenames[] = directory.list();
            for (int j = 0; j < filenames.length; j++) {
                String filename = filenames[j].toLowerCase();
                if (!filename.endsWith(".jar"))
                    continue;
                File file = new File(directory, filenames[j]);
                if (debug >= 1)
                    log("  Including jar file " + file.getAbsolutePath());
                URL url = new URL("file", null,
                                  file.getCanonicalPath());
                list.add(url.toString());
            }
        }
    }
    /** 上面的处理之后，list包含 classes的路径以及所有anpacked的jar包 **/
    /**
     * 打印示例：
     * ClassLoaderFactory:    Including directory E:\Myprojects\think-in-java\common\classes
     * ClassLoaderFactory:    Including jar file E:\Myprojects\think-in-java\common\lib\druid-1.0.12.jar
     */


    // Construct the class loader itself
    String array[] = (String[]) list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
    StandardClassLoader classLoader = null;
    if (parent == null)
        classLoader = new StandardClassLoader(array);
    else
        classLoader = new StandardClassLoader(array, parent);
    classLoader.setDelegate(true);
    return (classLoader);

}

  传入参数为包含.class的文件夹路径，jar包路径，父加载器. 前两个路径中的所有类就是用创建的classLoader来加载的。父加载器可有可无.
  关于更细节的classLoader，后续会深入。