一、GCD
GCD(Grand Central Dispatch)是Apple开发的一种多核编程技术。主要用于优化应用程序以支持多核处理器
GCD提供函数实现多线程开发,性能更高,功能更强大
首次发布在Mac OS X 10.6,iOS 4以上也可用
//定义一个回调函数
void function(void* str)
{
printf("回调函数 %s\n",str);
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
//串行队列,一次只执行一个任务
-(void)serialQueue
{
//创建队列
dispatch_queue_t serialQuene = dispatch_queue_create("串行队列", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//为队列中添加任务
//同步执行dispatch_sync,同步任务与当前的线程是一个线程,同步会阻塞当前线程
//异步执行dispatch_async
dispatch_sync(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"我是串行队列,第一步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async_f(serialQuene, "第二步", function);
dispatch_async(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"第三步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"第四步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"第5步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"第6步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"第7步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQuene, ^{
NSLog(@"第8步");
NSLog(@"当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
NSLog(@"最下面,线程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
//并行队列
-(void)concurrentQuene
{
//创建并行队列
dispatch_queue_t concurrent = dispatch_queue_create("并行队列", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//添加任务
dispatch_sync(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"我是并行队列,第1步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async_f(concurrent, "第二步", function);
dispatch_async(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"第3步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"第4步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"第5步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"第6步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"第7步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrent, ^{
NSLog(@"第8步,当前线程--%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
全局队列
//系统提供的队列,全局队列,是并行的队列
-(void)globalQueue
{
//系统提供的全局队列
//第一个参数:优先级,DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT 0, LOW -2, HIGH 2, BACKGROUND INT16_MIN
//第二个参数:Flags that are reserved for future use. Always specify 0 for this parameter.
dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
//添加任务
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列0----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列4----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列5----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列6----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"全局队列7----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
全局队列和主队列结合使用
//GCD的常见使用方式,全局队列和主队列的结合使用
-(void)globalAndMainQueue
{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
//在全局队列中处理耗时的操作,因为全局队列执行的任务是在子线程中,不会阻塞主线程
NSLog(@"子线程耗时操作");
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//此时该block中所执行的任务是在主队列中,那么该任务就是在主线程中,在此处进行刷新UI的行为
NSLog(@"刷新UI");
});
});
}
gcd的其他方法
//GCD中让某些代码只执行一次
-(void)onceToken
{
static UIImage *image = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken ;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
//此处的代码只会执行一次
image = [[UIImage alloc]init];
NSLog(@"只会执行一次的代码");
});
}
//GCD中的其他方法
-(void)otherGCD
{
//在延迟时间点执行任务
//1.从什么时间开始计算
//2.从此时间多少秒执行
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"after 5秒延迟执行 --- %@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
// sleep(5);线程沉睡
//重复执行
//1.重复执行的次数
//2.队列
dispatch_apply(3, dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^(size_t count) {
NSLog(@"在主队列重复执行3次 %ld",count);
});
}
gcd——group
//GCD 将任务添加到队列中
-(void)groupGCD
{
//dispatch_group_async可以实现监听一组任务是否完成,完成后得到通知执行其他的操作。这个方法很有用,比如你执行三个下载任务,当三个任务都下载完成后你才通知界面说完成的了。下面是一段例子代码:
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
NSLog(@"group1");
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
NSLog(@"group2");
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:3];
NSLog(@"group3");
});
//当所有group里面的任务执行完,就执行notify
//在执行notify之前至少给队列里放一个任务
dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"updateUi");
});
}
gcd_barrier
//数据库的读取 可以并发执行,通过GCD里面的并行队列实现
//数据库的写入 只能串行执行,通过GCD里面的串行队列实现
//但项目中,有读取和写入,通过dispatch_barrier_async实现,此任务执行的时候,其他任务停止执行
-(void)barrierGCD
{
//创建并发队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("concurrentTest", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//添加任务
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"这是第一个读取数据的任务。。。线程是:%@,是否主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread]isMainThread]);
});
dispatch_barrier_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"正在给数据库写入,阻塞其他任务");
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"这是第二个读取任务。。。线程是:%@,是否主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread]isMainThread]);
});
}