sed 编辑器简单使用（2）

sed 编辑器 可以 指定行号 ，进行 操作，比如 在指定行进行 替换， 在指定行范围进行替换。 当然 也可以通过 匹配模式串进行 替换。
看看下面的例子

1 使用行号 ，进行过滤。

[root@myCentOS shell]# cat data1

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

[root@myCentOS shell]#

比如 可以指定 只匹配 第2行的模式，进行替换。

[root@myCentOS shell]# sed '2s/dog/cat/' data1

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

指定 2到5行 ，进行匹配。

[root@myCentOS shell]# sed '2,5s/dog/cat/' data1

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

指定 从2 到尾行 ，进行匹配。

[root@myCentOS shell]# sed '2, $s/dog/cat/' data1

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy cat

还有一种 不是通过行号，而是通过正则表达式进行匹配行， 之后进行 替换，
举个例子， 比如我要把 changyubiao 这个用户的shell 替换为 /bin/dash

2使用文本模式进行过滤  

[root@myCentOS shell]# grep chang mypasswd

changyubiao:x:500:500::/home/ changyubiao:/bin/bash

yubiao:x:530:530::/home/ changyubiao:/sbin/nologin

我想把第一行 changyubiao 的shell 替换为 /bin/dash

sed /pattern/command 这样就可以了。

sed -r /^chang/s/bash/dash mypasswd

sed -r '/^chang/s/bash/dash/g ' mypasswd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

changyubiao:x:500:500::/home/changyubiao:/bin/ dash

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

aming:x:501:504::/home/aming:/bin/bash

aming12:x:502:505::/home/aming12:/bin/bash

aming123:x:503:506::/home/aming123:/bin/bash

biaoge:x:504:502::/home/biaoge:/bin/bash

biaoge2:x:520:502::/home/biaoge2:/bin/bash

biaoge3:x:521:521::/home/biaoge3:/bin/bash

user1:x:522:522::/home/user1:/bin/bash

user2:x:523:523::/home/user2:/bin/bash

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

mysql:x:524:524::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin

php-fpm:x:525:525::/home/php-fpm:/sbin/nologin

apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin

named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

user3:x:526:526::/home/user3:/bin/bash

virftp:x:527:527::/home/virftp:/sbin/nologin

smbuser:x:528:528::/home/smbuser:/bin/bash

redis:x:529:529::/home/redis:/sbin/nologin

这个时候 可以用 -n 禁止输出就可以了， 此时changyubiao 的shell就替换为 /bin/dash 了。

[root@myCentOS shell]# sed -r -n ' /^chang/s/bash/dash/g p' mypasswd

changyubiao:x:500:500::/home/changyubiao:/bin/dash

甚至可以通过组合命令，来完成 这些操作， 一下就是 替换 两个 单词，同时 作用于 第2行。

[root@myCentOS shell]# sed '2{

> s/fox/elephant/

> s/dog/cat/

> }' data1

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

当然也可以指定一个范围： 比如 从 第2 行到第5行， 执行 以下的组合替换。

[root@myCentOS shell]# sed '2,5{

> s/fox/elephant/

> s/dog/cat/

> }' data1

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

类似的是： 从第2行到尾行 进行 组合命令

sed '2,${回车

s/fox/elephant/

s/dog/cat/

}' data1

[root@centos6_8 111]# cat  data1
The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
[root@centos6_8 111]# sed  '2,$  {
> s/foe/elephant/
> s/dog/cat/
> }' data1
The quick brown foe jumps over the lazy dog
The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat
The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat
The quick brown elephant jumps over the lazy cat
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat