1. Web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">
<display-name>网站名称</display-name>
<description>网站描述</description>
<!-- icon元素包含small-icon和large-icon两个子元素.用来指定web站台中小图标和大图标的路径. -->
<icon>
<!--small-icon元素应指向web站台中某个小图标的路径,大小为16 X 16 pixel,但是图象文件必须为GIF或JPEG格式,扩展名必须为:.gif或.jpg. -->
<small-icon>路径/small.gif</small-icon>
<!--large-icon元素应指向web站台中某个大图表路径,大小为32 X 32 pixel,但是图象文件必须为GIF或JPEG的格式,扩展名必须为; gif或jpg.-->
<large-icon>路径/large.jpg</large-icon>
</icon>
<!-- 配置集群的时候,要用到,在这篇文章:“apache+tomcat集群、负载均衡及session复制”里的第三条(http://jiajun.iteye.com/admin/blogs/278586) -->
<distributable/>
<!-- context-param 元素用来设定web站台的环境参数(context),它包含两个子元素:param-name和param-value.,如spring的典型配置 -->
<context-param>
<!-- 设定Context名称 -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- 设定Context名称的值 -->
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 备注:此所设定的参数,在JSP网页中可以使用下列方法来取得:${initParam.param_name}
若在Servlet可以使用下列方法来获得:String param_name=getServletContext().getInitParamter("param_name");
-->
<!-- filter元素用来声明filter的相关设定.filter元素除了下面介绍的的子元素之外,还包括下面<servlet>绍过的<icon>,<display-name>,<description>,<init-param>,其用途一样.-->
<filter>
<!-- 定义Filter的名称. -->
<filter-name>URIFilter</filter-name>
<!-- 定义Filter的类名称 -->
<filter-class>org.cjj.filter.URIFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<!-- filter-mapping 元素的两个主要子元素filter-name和url-pattern.用来定义Filter所对应的URL.和下面的servlet-mapping一样 -->
<filter-mapping>
<!-- 定义Filter的名称,和上面定义的Filter名称要一致 -->
<filter-name>URIFilter</filter-name>
<!-- ilter所对应的RUL,这里是所有的URL -->
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 这里配置和上面的Filter配置一样 -->
<servlet>
<description><![CDATA[Application Setup]]></description>
<servlet-name>HTML Action Servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.cjj.servlet.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 和上面的filter-mapping,一样 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HTML Action Servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- listener元素用来定义Listener接口,它的主要子元素为<listener-class> -->
<listener>
<!-- ServletContextListener接口的实现,监听Content -->
<listener-class>org.cjj.listener.ContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<!-- HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener接口的实现,监听session -->
<listener-class>org.cjj.listener.SessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- session-config包含一个子元素session-timeout.定义web站台中的session参数. -->
<session-config>
<!-- 定义这个web站台所有session的有效期限.单位为分钟. 例子中为600分钟 -->
<session-timeout>600</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<!-- mime-mapping包含两个子元素extension和mime-type.定义某一个扩展名和某一MIME Type做对映. -->
<mime-mapping>
<!-- 扩展名称 -->
<extension>htm</extension>
<!-- MIME格式 -->
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>flv</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-flv</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>doc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xls</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!-- welcome-file-list包含子元素welcome-file,用来定义首页列单,如: -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- error-page元素包含三个子元素error-code,exception-type和location.将错误代码(Error Code)或异常(Exception)的种类对应到web站台资源路径.-->
<error-page>
<!-- HTTP Error code -->
<error-code>403</error-code>
<!-- 在web站点内的相关资源路径 -->
<location>路径/403.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>路径/404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<error-code>500</error-code>
<location>路径/500.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<!-- 一个完整名称的Java异常类型 -->
<exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
<location>路径/exception.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<!-- jsp-config元素主要用来设定JSP的相关配置,<jsp:config>包括<taglib>和<jsp-property-group>两个子元素.
其中<taglib>元素在JSP 1.2时就已经存在了;而<jsp-property-group>是JSP 2.0新增的元素.
-->
<jsp-config>
<!-- taglib元素包含两个子元素taglib-uri和taglib-location.用来设定JSP网页用到的Tag Library路径. -->
<taglib>
<!-- 定义TLD文件的URI,JSP网页的taglib指令可以经由这个URI存取到TLD文件. -->
<taglib-uri>core</taglib-uri>
<!-- TLD文件对应Web站台的存放位置. -->
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/jstl-1-core.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>bean</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>html</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>logic</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>tiles</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<!-- jsp-property-group元素包含8个元素 -->
<jsp-property-group>
<!-- 此设定的说明 -->
<description>Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example.</description>
<!-- 此设定的名称 -->
<display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name>
<!-- 设定值所影响的范围,如:/CH2 或者/*.jsp -->
<uri-pattern>/*</uri-pattern>
<!-- 若为true,表示不支持EL语法. -->
<el-ignored>true</el-ignored>
<!-- 若为true表示不支持<%scription%>语法. -->
<scripting-invalid>false</scripting-invalid>
<!-- 设置JSP网页的抬头,扩展名为.jspf -->
<include-prelude>.jspf</include-prelude>
<!-- 设置JSP网页的结尾,扩展名为.jspf -->
<include-coda>.jspf</include-coda>
<!-- 编码 -->
<page-encoding>utf-8</page-encoding>
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>
<!-- esource-ref元素包括五个子元素description,res-ref-name,res-type,res-auth,res-sharing-scope.利用JNDI取得站台可 -->
<resource-ref>
<!-- 资源说明 -->
<description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of JSPBook</description>
<!-- 资源名称 -->
<res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>
<!-- 资源种类 -->
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSoruce</res-type>
<!-- 资源由Application或Container来许可,如下面为Container -->
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
<!-- 资源是否可以共享.默认值为 Shareable 可选择Shareable|Unshareable -->
<res-sharing-scope>Unshareable</res-sharing-scope>
</resource-ref>
</web-app>
2.<context-param>的作用:
a. 启动一个WEB项目的时候,容器(如:Tomcat)会去读它的配置文件web.xml.读两个节点: <listener></listener> 和 <context-param></context-param>
b.紧接着,容器创建一个ServletContext(上下文),这个WEB项目所有部分都将共享这个上下文.
c.容器将<context-param></context-param>转化为键值对,并交给ServletContext.
d.容器创建<listener></listener>中的类实例,即创建监听.
e.在监听中会有contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent args)初始化方法,在这个方法中获得ServletContext = ServletContextEvent.getServletContext();
context-param的值 = ServletContext.getInitParameter("context-param的键");
f.得到这个context-param的值之后,你就可以做一些操作了.注意,这个时候你的WEB项目还没有完全启动完成.这个动作会比所有的Servlet都要早.换句话说,这个时候,你对<context-param>中的键值做的操作,将在你的WEB项目完全启动之前被执行.
g.举例.你可能想在项目启动之前就打开数据库.那么这里就可以在<context-param>中设置数据库的连接方式,在监听类中初始化数据库的连接.
例如:
<!-- 加载spring的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml,/WEB-INF/jason-servlet.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
又如: --->自定义context-param,且自定义listener来获取这些信息
<context-param>
<param-name>urlrewrite</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>servletmapping</param-name>
<param-value>*.bbscs</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>poststoragemode</param-name>
<param-value>1</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener</listener-class>
</listener>
publicclass SysListener extendsHttpServletimplementsServletContextListener {
privatestaticfinalLog logger = LogFactory.getLog(SysListener.class);
publicvoid contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
//用于在容器关闭时,操作
}
//用于在容器开启时,操作
publicvoid contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
String rootpath = sce.getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
System.out.println("-------------rootPath:"+rootpath);
if (rootpath != null) {
rootpath = rootpath.replaceAll("\\\\", "/");
} else {
rootpath = "/";
}
if (!rootpath.endsWith("/")) {
rootpath = rootpath + "/";
}
Constant.ROOTPATH = rootpath;
logger.info("Application Run Path:" + rootpath);
String urlrewrtie = sce.getServletContext().getInitParameter("urlrewrite");
boolean burlrewrtie = false;
if (urlrewrtie != null) {
burlrewrtie = Boolean.parseBoolean(urlrewrtie);
}
}
}
}
3. context-param和init-param区别
web.xml里面可以定义两种参数:
(1)application范围内的参数,存放在servletcontext中,在web.xml中配置如下:
<context-param>
<param-name>context/param</param-name>
<param-value>avalible during application</param-value>
</context-param>
(2)servlet范围内的参数,只能在servlet的init()方法中取得,在web.xml中配置如下:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>MainServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wes.controller.MainServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>param1</param-name>
<param-value>avalible in servlet init()</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
在servlet中可以通过代码分别取用:
package com.wes.controller;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
public class MainServlet extends HttpServlet ...{
public MainServlet() ...{
super();
}
public void init() throws ServletException ...{
System.out.println("下面的两个参数param1是在servlet中存放的");
System.out.println(this.getInitParameter("param1"));
System.out.println("下面的参数是存放在servletcontext中的");
System.out.println(getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param"));
}
}
第一种参数在servlet里面可以通过getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到
第二种参数只能在servlet的init()方法中通过this.getInitParameter("param1")取得.