小白学python之使用@property_学习笔记

本文以廖雪峰的官方网站为参考来学习python的。其学习链接为廖雪峰小白学python教程。

本文是学习到python的实例属性和类属性。参考链接廖雪峰python使用@property。

class Student(object):

    def get_score(self):
        return self._score

    def set_score(self,value):
        if not isinstance(value,int):
            raise  ValueError('score must be an integer!')
        if value < 0 or value > 100:
            raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._score = value


s = Student()
s.set_score(60)
print(s.get_score())

运行结果：    60

如果接上代码   

s.set_score(9999)

则会报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "**********", line **, in <module>
    s.set_score(9999)
  File "***********", line **, in set_score
    raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!

 

class Student(object):

    @property
    def score(self):
        return self._score

    @score.setter
    def score(self,value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
        if value < 0 or value > 100:
            raise ValueError(' score must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._score = value

s = Student()
s.score = 60
print(s.score)

运行结果：60

加上代码，

s.score = 9000

就会报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "***********", line **, in <module>
    s.score = 9000
  File "***********", line **, in score
    raise ValueError(' score must between 0 ~ 100!')
ValueError:  score must between 0 ~ 100!

笔记：

@property 把一个getter方法变成属性。又创建了另一个装饰器@score.setter，负责把一个setter方法变成属性赋值。于是，我们就有了一个可控属性操作。

还可以定义只读属性，只定义getter方法，不定义setter方法就是一个只读属性：

class Student(object):

    @property
    def birth(self):
        return self._birth

    @birth.setter
    def birth(self,value):
        self._birth = value

    @property
    def age(self):
        return 2015-self._birth

s = Student()
s.birth = 2000
print(s.birth)
print(s.age)

运行结果：

2000
15

练习：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class Screen(object):
    @property
    def width(self):
        return self._width
    @width.setter
    def width(self,value):
        self._width = value

    @property
    def height(self):
        return self._height
    @width.setter
    def height(self,value):
        self._height = value

    @property
    def resolution(self):
        return self._width * self._height

运行结果：

resolution = 786432
测试通过!