configChanges和onConfigurationChanged

android:configChanges="orientation|keyboard|keyboardHidden"

在AndroidManifest.xml中添加上述代码的含义是表示在改变屏幕方向、弹出软件盘和隐藏软键盘时，不再去执行onCreate()方法，而是直接执行onConfigurationChanged()

如果不申明此段代码，按照Activity的生命周期，都会去执行一次onCreate()方法，而onCreate()方法通常会在显示之前做一些初始化工作。所以如果改变屏幕方向这样的操作都去执行onCreate()方法，就有可能造成重复的初始化，降低程序效率是必然的了，而且更有可能因为重复的初始化而导致数据的丢失。这是需要千万避免的

重写的onConfigurationChanged()如下：

 @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
    	//获取屏幕方向
        int orientation = newConfig.orientation;
        Log.d("Debug","orientation:"+orientation);
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
    }

AndroidManifest中声明Android:configChanges属性，该属性规定了我们可以在程序中捕获到的事件类型

可选属性如下：

Value	Description
“mcc“	The IMSI mobile country code (MCC) has changed — that is, a SIM hasbeen detected and updated the MCC.移动国家号码，由三位数字组成，每个国家都有自己独立的MCC，可以识别手机用户所属国家。
“mnc“	The IMSI mobile network code (MNC) has changed — that is, a SIM hasbeen detected and updated the MNC.移动网号，在一个国家或者地区中，用于区分手机用户的服务商。
“locale“	The locale has changed — for example, the user has selected a new language that text should be displayed in.用户所在地区发生变化。
“touchscreen“	The touchscreen has changed. (This should never normally happen.)
“keyboard“	The keyboard type has changed — for example, the user has plugged in an external keyboard.键盘模式发生变化，例如：用户接入外部键盘输入。
“keyboardHidden“	The keyboard accessibility has changed — for example, the user has slid the keyboard out to expose it.用户打开手机硬件键盘
“navigation“	The navigation type has changed. (This should never normally happen.)
“orientation“	The screen orientation has changed — that is, the user has rotated the device.设备旋转，横向显示和竖向显示模式切换。
“fontScale“	The font scaling factor has changed — that is, the user has selected a new global font size.全局字体大小缩放发生改变