Spring注解开发——20、自动装配（类赋值）-@Autowired&@Qualifier&@Primary

20、自动装配（类赋值）-@Autowired&@Qualifier&@Primary

• 自动装配：Spring 利用依赖注入（DI），完成对IOC容器中各个依赖关系赋值

20.1 @Autowired :自动注入

• 默认情况

1. 优先按照类型去容器中找对应的组件，applicationContext.getBean(BookRepository.class)，找到就赋值。
2. 如果找到多个相同类型的组件，再将属性名称作为组件的id 去容器中查找applicationContext.getBean("bookRepository")
3. @Primary （加到@Bean注册到容器的类上）让Spring进行自动装配的时候，默认选择需要装配的bean，也可以使用@Qualifier 指定需要装配的bean的名称

• 使用 @Qualifier("bookRepository") 指定装配组件
• 自动装配默认一定要将属性赋值好，没有就会报错。可以使用@Autowired(required = false)来配置非必须的注入，有则注入，没有就算了。
• @Qualifier 的权重大于 @Primary，如果指定了@Qualifier 则 @Primary失效

实例:

package com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo.Service;

import com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired(required = false)
    @Qualifier("bookDao")
    private BookDao  bookDao2;

    public void print(){
        System.out.println("BookService bookDao类注入" + bookDao2);
        if (bookDao2 == null) {
            return;
        }
        System.out.println("bookDao的Label: " + bookDao2.getLabel());

    }
}

package com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo.config;

import com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo")
public class MainConfigAutoWired {

    @Bean(value = "bookDao2")
    @Primary
    public BookDao bookDao(){
        BookDao b = new BookDao();
        b.setLabel("2");
        return  b;
    }

}

package com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo;

import com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo.Service.BookService;
import com.suirui.springanno.autowiredDemo.config.MainConfigAutoWired;
import com.suirui.springanno.propertyValues.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;

public class MainTestAutoWired {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfigAutoWired.class);
        String[] beanDefinitionNames = ac.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String s : beanDefinitionNames) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        BookService bookService = (BookService) ac.getBean("bookService");
        bookService.print();
    }
}